The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67(1), P. 105 - 124

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification xenobiotics, such as natural and synthetic insecticides, that topic this review. Recent advances insect genomics postgenomic functional approaches have provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand evolution P450s toxicology. These also been harnessed provide new insights into genomic alterations lead insecticide resistance, mechanisms by which are regulated, determinants P450-mediated resistance. In parallel, emerging body work on defining sensitivity beneficial insects insecticides has developed. The knowledge gained from these studies applications for management resistance pests can be leveraged safeguard health insects.

Language: Английский

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Neonicotinoid Insecticides: Molecular Targets, Resistance, and Toxicity

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 241 - 255

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Neonicotinoids have been used to protect crops and animals from insect pests since the 1990s, but there are concerns regarding their adverse effects on nontarget organisms, notably bees. Enhanced resistance neonicotinoids in is becoming well documented. We address current understanding of neonicotinoid target site interactions, selectivity, metabolism not only also beneficial insects such as The findings relevant management both new generation pesticides targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Language: Английский

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Diversity and evolution of the P450 family in arthropods

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 103490 - 103490

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

The P450 family (CYP genes) of arthropods encodes diverse enzymes involved in the metabolism foreign compounds and essential endocrine or ecophysiological functions. sequences (CYPome) from 40 arthropod species were manually curated, including 31 complete CYPomes, a maximum likelihood phylogeny nearly 3000 is presented. Arthropod CYPomes are assembled members six CYP clans variable size, CYP2, CYP3, CYP4 mitochondrial clans, as well CYP20 CYP16 that not found Neoptera. CYPome sizes vary two dozen genes some parasitic to over 200 collembolans ticks. comprised few families with many genes, this distribution result dynamic birth death processes. Lineage-specific expansions blooms throughout often genomic clusters appear form reservoir catalytic diversity maintained heritable units. Among P450s physiological functions, ecdysteroid metabolism. However, five so-called Halloween universally represented do constitute unique pathway biosynthesis. has only partially been uncovered date functions regulating synthesis degradation endogenous signal molecules (including ecdysteroids) semiochemicals pheromones defense chemicals) remain be discovered. Sequence extreme, lacking conserved Cys ligand heme have evolved several times. A better understanding evolution needed discern relative contributions stochastic processes adaptive shaping size CYPomes.

Language: Английский

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Pesticide Exposure and Effects on Non-Apis Bees

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 551 - 576

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Bees are essential pollinators of many crops and wild plants, pesticide exposure is one the key environmental stressors affecting their health in anthropogenically modified landscapes. Until recently, almost all information on routes impacts came from honey bees, at least partially because they were only model species required for risk assessments (ERAs) insect pollinators. Recently, there has been a surge research activity focusing effects non- Apis including other social bees (bumble stingless bees) solitary bees. These taxa vary substantially another several important ecological traits, spatial temporal patterns, foraging nesting requirements, degree sociality. In this article, we review current evidence base about pathways consequences We find that insights into bee resulting across biological organizations, landscapes, mixtures, multiple still infancy. The good news promising approaches could be used to advance our understanding, with priority given informing pathways, extrapolating effects, determining how well (limited very few mostly neonicotinoid insecticides under unrealistic conditions) can generalized diversity lifestyles global community. conclude future expand knowledge would also beneficial ERAs wider policy decisions concerning pollinator conservation regulation.

Language: Английский

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Species Sensitivity to Toxic Substances: Evolution, Ecology and Applications

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Because it is only possible to test chemicals for effects on a restricted range of species and exposure scenarios, ecotoxicologists are faced with significant challenge how translate the measurements in model into predictions impacts wider ecosystems. this challenge, within ecotoxicology there no more fundamental aspect than understand nature traits that determine sensitivity. To account uncertainties extrapolations risk assessment, “safety factors” or sensitivity distributions commonly used. While valuable as pragmatic tools, these approaches have mechanistic grounding. Here we highlight information increasingly available can be used potentially predict chemicals. We review current knowledge toxicokinetic, toxicodynamic, physiological, ecological contribute differences go discuss being make using correlative trait-based approaches, including comparisons target receptor orthologs. Finally, emerging associated tools enhance theoretical applied ecotoxicological research through improvements modeling, predictive ecotoxicology, distribution development, mixture toxicity chemical design, biotechnology application mechanistically informed monitoring.

Language: Английский

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Toxicity of the insecticide sulfoxaflor alone and in combination with the fungicide fluxapyroxad in three bee species

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 25, 2021

Abstract The sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor is regarded as a potential substitute for neonicotinoids that were recently banned in the EU due to their side effects on bees. Like neonicotinoids, acts competitive modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In agricultural environments, bees are commonly exposed combinations pesticides, and known interact synergistically with fungicides. objective our study assess acute oral toxicity alone combination single dose fluxapyroxad, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, three bee species: Apis mellifera , Bombus terrestris Osmia bicornis . Because synergism may be dose-dependent, we tested range doses. Synergistic assessed using different approaches: Bliss criterion drugs independence, ratio test comparing LD 50 s model deviation ratio. was most sensitive species both O. A. showed significant between fungicide. For part, these synergistic weak only occurred at early assessment times intermediate ecological relevance should confirmed field and/or cage studies. Overall, laboratory results demonstrate somewhat less toxic than imidacloprid, thiamethoxam clothianidin, but much more other (acetamiprid, thiacloprid) still use time this conducted.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomic and functional characterization of an evolutionary conserved cytochrome P450-based insecticide detoxification mechanism in bees

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(26)

Published: June 21, 2022

The regulatory process for assessing the risks of pesticides to bees relies heavily on use honeybee, Apis mellifera , as a model other bee species. However, validity using A. surrogate and non- in pesticide risk assessment has been questioned. Related this line research, recent work shown that specific P450 enzymes belonging CYP9Q subfamily act critically important determinants insecticide sensitivity species by efficiently detoxifying certain chemotypes. extent which presence functional orthologs these is conserved across diversity unclear. Here we used phylogenomic approach identify > 100 putative 75 encompassing all major families. Functional analysis 26 P450s from 20 representative revealed P450-mediated detoxification systemic insecticides, including neonicotinoid thiacloprid butenolide flupyradifurone, pollinator our analyses also reveal -related genes are not universal species, with some Megachilidae lacking such genes. Thus, results an evolutionary capacity metabolize insecticides families while identifying small number where function may have lost. Furthermore, they illustrate potential toxicogenomic inform nonmanaged predicting capability break down synthetic insecticides.

Language: Английский

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Pesticide risk assessment at the molecular level using honey bee cytochrome P450 enzymes: A complementary approach

Environment International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 106372 - 106372

Published: Jan. 7, 2021

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) first-tier pesticide risk assessment is largely based on standardized laboratory toxicity bioassays after both acute and chronic exposure. Recent research honey cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) uncovered CYP9Q3 as the molecular determinant mediating neonicotinoid insecticide selectivity explaining why certain neonicotinoids such thiacloprid show > 1000-fold lower than others (e.g. imidacloprid). Here this knowledge leveraged for mechanistic at level using a fluorescence-based high-throughput in vitro assay, predicting interaction of diverse pesticidal chemotypes, including azole fungicides, with recombinantly expressed CYP9Q enzymes, known to metabolize thiacloprid, acetamiprid tau-fluvalinate. Some fungicides were shown be synergistic combination insecticides, pyrethroids, whereas prothioconazole not. We demonstrate that biochemical CYP9Q2/CYP9Q3 inhibition data azoles revealed striking correlation their potential organismal level, even allow explain combined effects observed tank mixtures under field conditions. Our novel toxicogenomics-based approach designed complement existing methods unprecedented screening capacity, by utilizing enzymes confer selectivity, order biochemically address issues ecotoxicological concern.

Language: Английский

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Thiacloprid impairs honeybee worker learning and memory with inducing neuronal apoptosis and downregulating memory-related genes

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 885, P. 163820 - 163820

Published: May 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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The molecular determinants of pesticide sensitivity in bee pollinators

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 915, P. 170174 - 170174

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Bees carry out vital ecosystem services by pollinating both wild and economically important crop plants. However, while performing this function, bee pollinators may encounter potentially harmful xenobiotics in the environment such as pesticides (fungicides, herbicides insecticides). Understanding key factors that influence toxicological outcomes of exposure to these chemicals, isolation or combination, is essential safeguard their health they provide. In regard, recent work using toxicogenomic phylogenetic approaches has begun identify, at molecular level, determinants pesticide sensitivity pollinators. These include detoxification systems convert less toxic forms residues insecticide target-sites underlie species-specific selectivity. Here we review emerging body research summarise state knowledge We identify gaps our for future examine how an understanding genetic basis can be leveraged to, a) predict avoid negative bee-pesticide interactions facilitate development pest-selective bee-safe insecticides, b) inform traditional effect assessment risk address issues ecotoxicological concern.

Language: Английский

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