The coral microbiome: towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of coral–microbiota interactions

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(2)

Published: March 1, 2023

Corals live in a complex, multipartite symbiosis with diverse microbes across kingdoms, some of which are implicated vital functions, such as those related to resilience against climate change. However, knowledge gaps and technical challenges limit our understanding the nature functional significance complex symbiotic relationships within corals. Here, we provide an overview complexity coral microbiome focusing on taxonomic diversity functions well-studied cryptic microbes. Mining literature indicate that while corals collectively harbour third all marine bacterial phyla, known symbionts antagonists represent minute fraction this these taxa cluster into select genera, suggesting selective evolutionary mechanisms enabled bacteria gain niche holobiont. Recent advances research aimed at leveraging manipulation increase coral's fitness help mitigate heat stress-related mortality discussed. Then, insights potential through microbiota can communicate modify host responses examined by describing recognition patterns, microbially derived epigenome effector proteins gene regulation. Finally, power omics tools used study highlighted emphasis integrated host-microbiota multiomics framework understand underlying during change-driven dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

---

The origin and early evolution of plants

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 312 - 329

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

Plant (archaeplastid) evolution has transformed the biosphere, but we are only now beginning to learn how this took place through comparative genomics, phylogenetics, and fossil record. This illuminated phylogeny of Archaeplastida, Viridiplantae, Streptophyta, resolved key characters, genes, genomes – revealing that many innovations evolved long before clades with which they have been casually associated. Molecular clock analyses estimate Streptophyta Viridiplantae emerged in late Mesoproterozoic Neoproterozoic, whereas Archaeplastida late-mid Palaeoproterozoic. Together, these insights inform on coevolution plants Earth system ecology global biogeochemical cycles, increased weathering, precipitated snowball events, during would oxygen production net primary productivity (NPP).

Language: Английский

---

The extracellular matrix of green algae

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 194(1), P. 15 - 32

Published: July 3, 2023

Abstract Green algae display a wide range of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that include various types cell walls (CW), scales, crystalline glycoprotein coverings, hydrophobic compounds, and complex gels or mucilage. Recently, new information derived from genomic/transcriptomic screening, advanced biochemical analyses, immunocytochemical studies, ecophysiology has significantly enhanced refined our understanding the green algal ECM. In later diverging charophyte group algae, CW other ECM provide insight into evolution plants ways modulates during environmental stress. Chlorophytes produce diverse components, many which have been exploited for uses in medicine, food, biofuel production. This review highlights major advances studies algae.

Language: Английский

---

Coral Skeleton Dwelling Endolithic Algae: Ostreobium and Its Biology

Coral reefs of the world, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 41 - 46

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Beyond the Symbiodiniaceae: diversity and role of microeukaryotic coral symbionts

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(2), P. 567 - 577

Published: March 7, 2023

Abstract Many corals form intimate symbioses with photosynthetic dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae. These have been deeply studied, particularly reef-forming corals. The complex microbial community that is associated contains other members also well characterized such as bacteria. However, our understanding of coral holobiont and subsequently reef ecosystems not complete if we do take into consideration microeukaryotes like protists fungi. Microeukaryotes are currently greatest enigma within microbiome. Only a handful them characterized, very few cultured even less genomes available. This reflection smaller scientists working on this particular group organisms when compared bacteria or Symbiodiniaceae, but many technical challenges face trying to study microeukaryotes. Recent advances use metabarcoding revealing importance terms abundance presence, notable examples being green algae Ostreobium apicomplexans Corallicolidae. We believe it timely necessary present what know so far about before expected flow high-throughput studies exploring microeukaryotic fraction

Language: Английский

---

Whole-genome duplication in an algal symbiont bolsters coral heat tolerance

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(29)

Published: July 19, 2024

The algal endosymbiont Durusdinium trenchii enhances the resilience of coral reefs under thermal stress. D. can live freely or in endosymbiosis, and analysis genetic markers suggests that this species has undergone whole-genome duplication (WGD). However, evolutionary mechanisms underpin thermotolerance are largely unknown. Here, we present genome assemblies for two isolates, confirm WGD these taxa, examine how selection shaped duplicated regions using gene expression data. We assess free-living versus endosymbiotic lifestyles have contributed to retention divergence genes, processes enhanced . Our combined results suggest lifestyle is driver post-WGD evolution , with phase being most important, followed by endosymbiosis. Adaptations both likely enabled provide stress protection host coral.

Language: Английский

---

Whole-genome duplication in an algal symbiont bolsters coral heat tolerance

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 11, 2022

Abstract The algal endosymbiont Durusdinium trenchii enhances the resilience of coral reefs under thermal stress 1,2 . As an endosymbiont, D. is generally expected to have a reduced genome compared its free-living relatives, due in part lack selective pressure for maintaining redundant gene functions stable intracellular environment within host 3 However, can live freely or endosymbiosis, and analysis genetic markers 4 suggests that this species has undergone whole-genome duplication (WGD). Here we present assemblies two isolates, confirm WGD these taxa, examine how selection shaped duplicated regions. We assess competing versus endosymbiotic lifestyles contributed retention divergence genes, processes enhanced thermotolerance corals hosting symbionts. find lifestyle driver post-WGD evolution , with phase being most important, followed by endosymbiosis. Adaptations both collectively result increased cellular fitness which provides protection coral. Beyond corals, polyploid alga valuable model understanding genome-wide forces act balance often, divergent constraints imposed lifestyles.

Language: Английский

---

Improved Cladocopium goreaui Genome Assembly Reveals Features of a Facultative Coral Symbiont and the Complex Evolutionary History of Dinoflagellate Genes

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1662 - 1662

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae are crucial photosymbionts in corals and other marine organisms. Of these, Cladocopium goreaui is one most dominant symbiont species Indo-Pacific. Here, we present an improved genome assembly C. combining new long-read sequence data with previously generated short-read data. Incorporating full-length transcripts to guide gene prediction, (1.2 Gb) exhibits a high extent completeness (82.4% based on BUSCO protein recovery) better resolution repetitive regions; 45,322 models were predicted, 327 putative, topologically associated domains chromosomes identified. Comparison genomes revealed prevalence repeats duplicated genes goreaui, lineage-specific indicating functional innovation. 2,841,408 sequences from 96 taxonomically diverse eukaryotes representative prokaryotes phylogenomic approach, assessed evolutionary history genes. 5246 phylogenetic trees inferred homologous sets containing two or more phyla, 35-36% have putatively originated via horizontal transfer (HGT), predominantly (19-23%) ancestral Archaeplastida lineage implicated endosymbiotic origin plastids: 10-11% green algal origin, including encoding photosynthetic functions. Our results demonstrate utility resolving structural features dinoflagellate genome, highlight how genetic has shaped evolution facultative symbiont, broadly dinoflagellates.

Language: Английский

---

Every refuge has its price: Ostreobium as a model for understanding how algae can live in rock and stay in business

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 27 - 36

Published: March 24, 2022

Language: Английский

---

The Bacterial Microbiome of the Coral Skeleton Algal Symbiont Ostreobium Shows Preferential Associations and Signatures of Phylosymbiosis

Microbial Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 86(3), P. 2032 - 2046

Published: March 31, 2023

Ostreobium, the major algal symbiont of coral skeleton, remains understudied despite extensive research on holobiont. The enclosed nature skeleton might reduce dispersal and exposure residing bacteria to outside environment, allowing stronger associations with algae. Here, we describe bacterial communities associated cultured strains 5 Ostreobium clades using 16S rRNA sequencing. We shed light their likely physical by comparative analysis three datasets generated capture (1) all algae bacteria, (2) enriched tightly attached potential intracellular (3) in spent media. Our data showed that while some may be loosely attached, tend or potentially intracellular. Although colonised diverse preferentially 34 taxa revealing a core microbiome. These include known nitrogen cyclers, polysaccharide degraders, sulphate reducers, antimicrobial compound producers, methylotrophs, vitamin B12 producers. By analysing co-occurrence networks from Porites lutea Paragoniastrea australensis samples, show Ostreobium-bacterial present cultures are also occur natural environment. Finally, our significant congruence between phylogeny community composition its microbiome, largely due phylosymbiotic signal originating taxa. This study offers insight into microbiome reveals preferential warrant further testing functional evolutionary perspectives.

Language: Английский

---