Developmental timing in plants

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 27, 2024

Plants exhibit reproducible timing of developmental events at multiple scales, from switches in cell identity to maturation the whole plant. Control likely evolved for similar reasons that humans invented clocks: coordinate events. However, whereas clocks are designed run independently conditions, plant is strongly dependent on growth and environment. Using simplified models convey key concepts, we review how growth-dependent inherent mechanisms interact with environment control cyclical progressive transitions plants.

Language: Английский

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Large-volume fully automated cell reconstruction generates a cell atlas of plant tissues

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(12), P. 4840 - 4861

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Abstract The geometric shape and arrangement of individual cells play a role in shaping organ functions. However, analyzing multicellular features exploring their connectomes centimeter-scale plant organs remain challenging. Here, we established set frameworks named large-volume fully automated cell reconstruction (LVACR), enabling the exploration 3D cytological cellular connectivity tissues. Through benchmark testing, our framework demonstrated superior efficiency segmentation aggregation, successfully addressing inherent challenges posed by light sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging. Using LVACR, atlas different Cellular morphology analysis revealed differences clusters shapes between poplar (Populus simonii Carr. Populus canadensis Moench.) seeds, whereas topological that they maintained conserved connectivity. Furthermore, LVACR spatiotemporally an initial burst proliferation, accompanied morphological transformations at early stage developing shoot apical meristem Pinus tabuliformis seedlings. During subsequent development, differentiation produced anisotropic features, thereby resulting various shapes. Overall, findings provided valuable insights into precise spatial behavior organisms, thus enhancing understanding complex processes underlying growth differentiation.

Language: Английский

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Genome-wide analysis of the SPL family in Zanthoxylum armatum and ZaSPL21 promotes flowering and improves salt tolerance in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana

Plant Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 115(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Identification and Functional Analysis of Candidate Genes Influencing Citrus Leaf Size Through Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Approaches

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 97 - 97

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Background: Leaves are the main organs involved in photosynthesis. They capture light energy and promote gas exchange, their size shape affect yield. Identifying regulatory networks key genes that control citrus leaf is essential for increasing crop Methods: In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on three materials: ‘Cuimi’ kumquat (Nor) variety its variants, larger-leaf (VarB) smaller-leaf (VarS) varieties. Results: Correlation principal component analyses revealed a relatively close correlation between Nor VarS. A total of 7264 differentially expressed (DEGs), including 2374 transcription factors (TFs), were identified, 254 DEGs common among materials. GO KEGG enrichment significant glucose metabolism, cell wall composition, starch biosynthesis, photosynthesis pathways. WGCNA identified specific modules related to different sizes these Fifteen candidate size, factors, Fh5g30470 (MYB), Fh7g07360 (AP2/ERF), Fh5g02470 (SAP), basis connectivity functional annotations. Conclusions: These findings provide theoretical foundation deeper understanding molecular mechanisms underlying offer new genetic resources study size.

Language: Английский

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A space for time. Exploring temporal regulation of plant development across spatial scales

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(1)

Published: March 31, 2025

SUMMARY Plants continuously undergo change during their life cycle, experiencing dramatic phase transitions altering plant form, and regulating the assignment progression of cell fates. The relative timing developmental events is tightly controlled involves integration environmental, spatial, age‐related signals actors. While have been studied extensively many regulators described, less known about temporal regulation on a smaller, cell‐level scale. Here, using examples from both animal systems, we outline time‐dependent changes. Looking at systemic scale changes, discuss germination, juvenile‐to‐adult transition, flowering, senescence, together with regeneration timing. Switching to cellular level, several instances field in which control has examined this Then, switch back plants summarize where changes are temporally regulated. As time cannot easily be separated signaling derived environment tissue context, next factors that implicated controlling events, reviewing temperature, photoperiod, nutrient availability, as well context mechanical cues Afterwards, provide an overview mechanisms shown or development, considering metabolism, division control, mobile signals, epigenetic regulation, action transcription factors. Lastly, look remaining questions for future study how recent technical advancement can enable these efforts.

Language: Английский

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of emerging young and mature leaves of Bienertia sinuspersici, a single-cell C4 plant

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e19282 - e19282

Published: April 29, 2025

Background Efficient carbon capture by plants is crucial to meet the increasing demands for food, fiber, feed, and fuel worldwide. One potential strategy improve photosynthetic performance of conversion C 3 -type crops 4 crops, enabling them perform photosynthesis at higher temperatures with less water. such as corn, possess a distinct Kranz anatomy, where occurs in two cell types. Remarkably, Bienertia sinuspersici one four known land plant species that within single cell. This unique single-cell (SCC ) anatomy characterized dimorphic chloroplasts corresponding intracellular biochemistry. Because young, emergent leaves first exhibit then differentiate into mature, represents an excellent system explore basis transition. Methods To gain insight genes pathways associated transition between emerging young mature leaves, comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted which global gene expression ontologies were compared stages. Results In leaf, differentially expressed enrichment cycle cytoskeletal dynamics observed, while leaf displayed processes cellular energetics. Additionally, numerous transcription factors (TFs) metabolic homeostasis, hormone stress signaling, developmental regulation throughout development, TF profiles each stage. These data expand our insights molecular Binertia’s compartmentalization, chloroplast dimorphism, C4 biochemistry provide information will be useful ongoing efforts transform type.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of cell differentiation and growth underlies the shift from bud protection to light capture in cauline leaves

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 196(2), P. 1214 - 1230

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Abstract Plant organs have evolved into diverse shapes for specialized functions despite emerging as simple protrusions at the shoot apex. Cauline leaves serve photosynthetic and protective structures floral buds. However, growth patterns underlying this dual function remain unknown. Here, we investigate developmental dynamics shaping Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cauline their functional diversification from other laminar organs. We show that display a significant delay in overall elongation compared with rosette leaves. Using live imaging, reveal divergence hinges on early modulation of timing cell differentiation cellular rates. In contrast to sepals, is delayed leaves, fostering extended proliferation, prolonged morphogenetic activity, redistribution within organ. Notably, leaf transiently suppressed during stages, keeping small unfolded initiation first flowers. Our findings highlight unique shift an role later function.

Language: Английский

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An incoherent feed‐forward loop involving bHLH transcription factors, Auxin and CYCLIN‐Ds regulates style radial symmetry establishment in Arabidopsis

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119(6), P. 2885 - 2903

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

SUMMARY The bilateral‐to‐radial symmetry transition occurring during the development of Arabidopsis thaliana female reproductive organ (gynoecium) is a crucial biological process linked to plant fertilization and seed production. Despite its significance, cellular mechanisms governing establishment breaking radial at gynoecium apex (style) remain unknown. To fill this gap, we employed quantitative confocal imaging coupled with MorphoGraphX analysis, in vivo vitro transcriptional experiments, genetic analysis encompassing mutants two bHLH transcription factors necessary sufficient promote symmetry, SPATULA (SPT) INDEHISCENT (IND). Here, show that defects style morphogenesis correlate cell‐division orientation rate. We showed SPT‐mediated accumulation auxin medial‐apical cells undergoing required maintain cell‐division‐oriented perpendicular direction growth (anticlinal, transversal cell division). In addition, SPT IND expression specific core cell‐cycle regulators, CYCLIN‐D1;1 (CYC‐D1;1) CYC‐D3;3, support progression through G1 phase cycle. This regulation repressed by auxin, thus forming an incoherent feed‐forward loop mechanism. propose mechanism fine‐tunes division rate morphogenic signal provided patterning style.

Language: Английский

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Advantage looping: Gene regulatory circuits between microRNAs and their target transcription factors in plants

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

The 20-24 nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target transcription factors (TF) have emerged as key regulators of diverse processes in plants, including organ development environmental resilience. In several instances, the mature miRNAs degrade TF-encoding transcripts, while protein products turn bind to promoters respective miRNA-encoding genes regulate expression, thus forming feedback loops (FBLs) or feedforward (FFLs). Computational analysis suggested that such miRNA-TF are recurrent motifs gene regulatory networks (GRNs) plants well animals. recent years, modeling experimental studies plant GRNs play critical roles driving abiotic stress responses. Here, we discuss FBLs FFLs been identified studied over past decade. We then provide some insights into possible within GRNs. Lastly, perspectives on future directions for dissecting functions miRNA-centric plants.

Language: Английский

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Age-associated growth control modifies leaf proximodistal symmetry and enables leaf shape diversification

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2024

SUMMARY Biological shape diversity is often manifested in modulation of organ symmetry and modification the patterned elaboration repeated elements. 1–5 Whether how these two aspects determination are coordinately regulated unclear. 5–7 Plant leaves provide an attractive system to investigate this problem, because they usually show asymmetries along their proximodistal axis, which can also produce marginal outgrowths such as serrations or leaflets. 1 One case leaf heteroblasty, where form a single genotype modified with progressive plant age. 8–11 In Arabidopsis thaliana, simple leaves, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE9 (SPL9) controls heteroblasty by activating CyclinD3 expression, thereby sustaining proliferative growth retarding differentiation adult leaves. 12 However, precise significance SPL9 action for patterning unknown. By combining genetics, quantitative analyses, time-lapse imaging, we that, A. thaliana , blade decreases response age-dependent expression gradient, that regulates distribution overall form. Using comparative demonstrate heteroblastic reprogramming Cardamine hirsuta, complex-leafed relative involves prolonging duration cell proliferation delaying differentiation. We further evidence enables species-specific homeobox genes promote complexity. conclusion, identify layer regulation modulates has enabled diversification. Brief Age-dependent axis complex evolution. Highlights An gradient underpins SPL9-mediated control potentiates histogenic capacity A common framework underlies complexity

Language: Английский

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