Human Brain Mapping,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
43(13), P. 4145 - 4157
Published: May 21, 2022
Abstract
Prenatal
alcohol
exposure
(PAE)
is
associated
with
alterations
to
brain
white
matter
microstructure.
Previous
studies
of
PAE
have
demonstrated
different
findings
in
young
children
compared
older
and
adolescents,
suggesting
altered
developmental
trajectories
highlighting
the
need
for
longitudinal
research.
122
datasets
54
(27
males)
196
89
without
(45
were
included
this
analysis.
Children
underwent
diffusion
tensor
imaging
between
2
8
years
age,
returning
approximately
every
6
months.
Mean
fractional
anisotropy
(FA)
mean
diffusivity
(MD)
obtained
10
major
tracts
examined
age‐related
changes
using
linear
mixed
effects
models
sex,
group
(PAE
vs.
control)
an
age‐by‐group
interaction.
had
slower
decreases
MD
over
time
genu
corpus
callosum,
inferior
fronto‐occipital
fasciculus,
uncinate
fasciculus.
No
significant
interactions
noted
FA.
These
show
development
than
unexposed
controls.
This
connects
previous
cross‐sectional
lower
higher
adolescents
PAE,
further
helps
understand
PAE.
deviation
from
typical
may
reflect
plasticity,
which
has
implications
cognitive
behavioral
learning
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: July 6, 2021
White
matter
makes
up
about
fifty
percent
of
the
human
brain.
Maturation
white
accompanies
biological
development
and
undergoes
most
dramatic
changes
during
childhood
adolescence.
Despite
advances
in
neuroimaging
techniques,
controversy
concerning
spatial,
temporal
patterns
myelination,
as
well
degree
to
which
microstructural
characteristics
can
vary
a
healthy
brain
function
age,
gender
cognitive
abilities
still
exists.
In
selective
review
we
describe
methods
assessing
myelination
evaluate
effects
age
nine
major
fiber
tracts,
highlighting
their
role
higher-order
functions.
Our
findings
suggests
that
indices
by
tract,
hemisphere.
Effects
were
also
identified,
although
some
attribute
differences
methodological
factors
or
social
learning
opportunities.
Findings
point
further
directions
research
will
improve
our
understanding
complex
myelination-behavior
relation
across
may
have
implications
for
educational
clinical
practice.
Cerebral Cortex,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
30(3), P. 1548 - 1558
Published: July 30, 2019
Significant
improvements
in
cognitive
control
occur
from
childhood
through
adolescence,
supported
by
the
maturation
of
prefrontal
systems.
However,
less
is
known
about
neural
basis
refinements
proceeding
adolescence
to
adulthood.
Accumulating
evidence
indicates
that
integration
between
hippocampus
(HPC)
and
cortex
(PFC)
supports
flexible
cognition
has
a
protracted
maturation.
Using
longitudinal
design
(487
scans),
we
characterized
developmental
changes
8
32
years
age
HPC-PFC
functional
connectivity
at
rest
its
associations
with
development.
Results
indicated
significant
increases
HPC
ventromedial
PFC
(vmPFC),
but
not
dorsolateral
PFC.
Importantly,
HPC-vmPFC
exclusively
predicted
performance
on
Stockings
Cambridge
task,
which
probes
problem
solving
future
planning.
These
data
provide
high-level
into
adulthood
increased
across
vmPFC
adolescence.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
8(40)
Published: Oct. 7, 2022
Hypotheses
concerning
the
biologic
embedding
of
early
adversity
via
developmental
neuroplasticity
mechanisms
have
been
proposed
on
basis
experimental
studies
in
animals.
However,
no
demonstrated
a
causal
link
between
and
neural
development
humans.
Here,
we
present
evidence
from
randomized
controlled
trial
linking
psychosocial
deprivation
childhood
to
changes
cortical
adolescence
using
longitudinal
data
Bucharest
Early
Intervention
Project.
Changes
structure
due
randomization
foster
care
were
most
pronounced
lateral
medial
prefrontal
cortex
white
matter
tracts
connecting
parietal
cortex.
Demonstrating
impact
exposure
highlights
importance
placement
into
family-based
mitigate
lasting
neurodevelopmental
consequences
associated
with
early-life
deprivation.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Feb. 7, 2025
The
capacity
of
the
brain
to
process
input
across
temporal
scales
is
exemplified
in
human
narrative,
which
requires
integration
information
ranging
from
words,
over
sentences
long
paragraphs.
It
has
been
shown
that
this
processing
distributed
a
hierarchy
multiple
areas
with
close
sensory
cortex,
on
faster
time
scale
than
associative
cortex.
In
study
we
used
reservoir
computing
derived
connectivity
investigate
effect
structural
regions
during
narrative
task
paradigm.
We
systematically
tested
removal
selected
fibre
bundles
(IFO,
ILF,
MLF,
SLF
I/II/III,
UF,
AF)
regions.
show
distance
pathways
such
as
IFO
provide
form
shortcut
whereby
driven
activation
visual
cortex
can
directly
impact
distant
frontal
areas.
To
validate
our
model
demonstrated
significant
correlation
predicted
ordering
empirical
results
intact/scrambled
fMRI
This
emphasizes
connectivity's
role
hierarchies,
providing
framework
for
future
research
structure
and
neural
dynamics
cognitive
tasks.
Brain,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
142(1), P. 193 - 208
Published: Oct. 25, 2018
Developing
and
validating
sensitive
biomarkers
for
the
presymptomatic
stage
of
familial
frontotemporal
dementia
is
an
important
step
in
early
diagnosis
design
future
therapeutic
trials.
In
longitudinal
Frontotemporal
Dementia
Risk
Cohort,
mutation
carriers
non-carriers
from
families
with
due
to
microtubule-associated
protein
tau
(MAPT)
progranulin
(GRN)
mutations
underwent
a
clinical
assessment
multimodal
MRI
at
baseline,
2-,
4-year
follow-up.
Of
cohort
73
participants,
eight
(three
GRN,
five
MAPT)
developed
features
('converters').
Longitudinal
whole-brain
measures
white
matter
integrity
(fractional
anisotropy)
grey
volume
these
converters
(n
=
8)
were
compared
healthy
('non-converters';
n
35)
30)
same
families.
We
also
assessed
prognostic
performance
decline
within
regions
interest
by
means
receiver
operating
characteristic
analyses
followed
stepwise
logistic
regression.
demonstrated
lower
fractional
anisotropy
values
extensive
(genu
corpus
callosum,
forceps
minor,
uncinate
fasciculus,
superior
fasciculus)
smaller
volumes
(prefrontal,
temporal,
cingulate,
insular
cortex)
over
time
converters,
present
2
years
before
symptom
onset.
White
loss
right
fasciculus
genu
callosum
provided
significant
classifiers
between
non-converters,
non-carriers.
Converters'
within-individual
disease
trajectories
showed
relatively
gradual
onset
MAPT,
whereas
GRN
had
more
rapid
changes
around
MAPT
than
converters.
Our
study
confirms
presence
spreading
predominant
pathology
towards
highlights
value
as
biomarker
dementia.