COVID-19 and its long-term sequelae: what do we know in 2023?

Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Post‑viral syndrome is a well‑known medical condition characterized by different levels of physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment that may persist with fluctuating severity after recovering from an acute viral infection. Unsurprisingly, COVID‑19 also be accompanied medium- long‑term clinical sequelae SARS‑CoV‑2 Although many definitions have been provided, "long‑COVID" can defined as occurring in patients history infection, developing 3 months the symptoms onset, persisting for at least 2 months, not explained alternative diagnoses. According to recent global analyses, cumulative prevalence long‑COVID seems range between 9% 63%, up 6‑fold higher than similar postviral infection conditions. Long‑COVID primarily encompasses presence 1 symptom, such fatigue, dyspnea, cognitive / brain fog, postexertional malaise, memory issues, musculoskeletal pain spasms, cough, sleep disturbances, tachycardia palpitations, altered smell taste perception, headache, chest pain, depression. The most important demographic predictors date are female sex, older age, cigarette smoking, pre‑existing conditions, lack vaccination, pre‑Omicron variants, number phase symptoms, load, severe critical illness, well invasive mechanical ventilation. Concerning care patients, greatest challenge fact this cannot considered single entity, thus it needs integrated multidisciplinary management, specifically tailored type symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Changing patterns of infectious diseases in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 29, 2023

Each infectious disease has had its own epidemic pattern and seasonality for decades. However, public health mitigation measures during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have resulted in changing patterns of diseases. Stringent low incidences various diseases outbreak COVID-19, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, pneumococcus, enterovirus, parainfluenza. Owing to prevalence severe acute syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections subsequent immunity development, decreasing virulence SARS-CoV-2, worldwide immunization against SARS-CoV-2 children beyond 6 months age, are lifted country by country. Consequently, debt viruses other than contributed “off-season,” “see-saw,” “upsurge” children. Moreover, apart from persistence coexistence circulating or bacterial outbreaks may lead twindemics tripledemics following years. Therefore, it is necessary maintain hand hygiene policies pathogens alleviate ongoing impact on

Language: Английский

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Addressing standardized definitions of post-COVID and long-COVID

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(8), P. 1361 - 1362

Published: April 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of different COVID-19 screening strategies based on rapid or laboratory-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(9), P. e168 - e171

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

To the Editor, Now, in fourth year of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many important aspects have become clear concerning pathogenesis, clinical management, outcome and, last but not least, regarding diagnostic approach to severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.Although it is undeniable that consequences an SARS-CoV-2 infection general population are incomparably milder now compared period when virus initially spread worldwide from China [1], number daily COVID-19 diagnoses still very high.According World Health Organization (WHO), new or recurrent cases exceeds 200,000 February 2023 [2].We also must acknowledge this may be heavily underestimated for a variety reasons discussed elsewhere [3].Thus, strategies only relying on molecular testing, although remaining gold standard detecting SARS-CoV-2, imprudent given reference real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays characterized by low throughput, long turnaround time and high cost [4], thus paving way using alternative solutions.Among various options, identification quantification antigens means rapid tests (RDT-Ag) laboratory-based immunoassays (LAB-Ag) represent valuable alternatives, endorsed both WHO [5] International Federation Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Medicine [6].Although we certainly recognize sensitivity these basically lower than (i.e., comprised between 70 80%) [7, 8], their usage initial "screening" patients provide saving precious human economic resources, though no comprehensive information exists confirm validity second claim best our knowledge.To end, carried out cost-effective analysis some potential protocols inclusive antigen tests.The study consisted series 294 (mean age, 45 ± 20 years; 55% females) presenting facility Pederzoli Hospital Peschiera del Garda (Verona, Italy), undergo routine testing.According local operating procedures (SOPs), all underwent testing (RDT-Ag, ∼30 min time; Fujirebio Espline SARS-CoV-2; Inc., Tokyo, Japan) enabling fast positive subjects, followed (RT-PCR, 4-6 h Altona Diagnostics RealStar SARSCoV-2 RT-PCR Kit; GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) Ag (LAB-Ag, 45-60 DiaSorin LIAISON Ag; DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy) same nasopharyngeal sample.The specific

Language: Английский

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Association between “D-dimeritis” in the emergency department and COVID-19 hospital burden

Emergency Care Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

This study analyzed D-dimer tests requested by the two emergency departments of University Hospital Trust Verona during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our findings show that aggregate monthly number test requests from both increased significantly (+39%) in 2021 compared to 2019, followed a steady decline until 2024, when were nearly threefold lower than before A strong association was observed between and ICU admissions for COVID-19 (r=0.90; p=0.037), whereas no significant correlation found with positive cases (r=0.11; p=0.855) or hospitalizations (r=0.70; p=0.118) Verona. These results suggest heightened severity early pandemic phase key driver requests, while subsequent may reflect reduced burden, improved appropriateness through enhanced healthcare staff education, better understanding pathophysiology.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants on Platelet Morphology and Activation

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(02), P. 275 - 283

Published: June 16, 2023

Abstract Platelets are central elements of hemostasis and also play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis thrombosis coronavirus disease 2019. This study was planned to investigate effects different severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recombinant spike protein variants on platelet morphology activation. Citrated whole blood collected from ostensibly healthy subjects challenged with saline (control sample) 20 ng/mL final concentration SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral, Alpha, Delta, Omicron variants. Platelet count found be decreased all concentrations tested, achieving lowest values Delta protein. The mean volume increased samples irrespective but especially using Alpha proteins. both function analyzer-200 collagen-adenosine diphosphate collagen-epinephrine thus reflecting exhaustion, displaying again higher increases Most where proteins were added flagged as containing clumps. Morphological analysis revealed presence considerable number activated platelets, clumps, platelet-monocyte, platelet-neutrophils aggregates, spiked at ng/mL. These results provide support evidence that is capable activating platelets through its protein, though such effect varies depending

Language: Английский

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Venous Thrombosis in Airborne Viral Infections: Is Coronavirus Disease 2019 now Any Different from Influenza?

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(06), P. 829 - 834

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

One of the hallmarks coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in complicated cases (i.e., requiring hospitalization or intensive care support), is persistent hemostasis activation, which may be associated with a vast array thrombotic episodes involving both arterial and venous systems. The renewed emphasis on relationship between viral infections thrombosis paves way for determining whether more common often underestimated infection disease, such as influenza, also significant burden episodes, how this eventual risk compares to that seen COVID-19, past newer variants. Our review studies comparing thromboembolism (VTE) patients COVID-19 influenza revealed appears significantly higher but remains certainly not meaningless those subjects infected by highly virulent strains H1N1), who develop pneumonia require support. In these specific clinical settings, adoption tailored thromboprophylaxis indicated though are compellingly needed matter. As variants emerge, there possibility VTE will decrease, progress other respiratory viruses.

Language: Английский

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Genomic Surveillance and Mutation Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variants among Patients in Saudi Arabia

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 467 - 467

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

The genome of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has undergone a rapid evolution, resulting in emergence multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants with amino acid changes. This study aimed to sequence whole and detect present specimens from Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, we sought analyze characterize changes various proteins identified variants. A total 1161 samples patients diagnosed COVID-19 Arabia, between 1 April 2021 31 July 2023, were analyzed. Whole sequencing was employed variant identification mutation analysis. statistical analysis performed using Statistical Analytical Software SAS, version 9.4, GraphPad, 9.0. twenty-three subvariants within population, Omicron BA.1 (21K) (37.0%) Delta (21J) (12%) being most frequently detected. Notably, exhibited higher mean rate. Amino mutations observed twelve proteins. Among these, spike (S), ORF1a, nucleocapsid (N), ORF1b showed frequency compared other viral S protein highest incidence (47.6%). Conversely, ORF3a, ORF8, ORF7a, ORF6, ORF7b appeared more conserved, demonstrating lowest percentage mutations. investigation structural regions revealed N-terminal S1 subunit harbor mutations, while domain envelope (E) displayed frequency. provides insights into genetic diversity SARS-CoV-2, underscoring need further research comprehend its evolution occurrence These findings are pertinent development testing approaches, therapeutics, vaccine strategies.

Language: Английский

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Immunity of Heterologously and Homologously Boosted or Convalescent Individuals Against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 Variants

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 228(2), P. 160 - 168

Published: March 1, 2023

The emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 demonstrate higher transmission infection rates than previous of concern. To evaluate effectiveness heterologous homologous booster vaccination, we directly compared cellular humoral immune responses as well neutralizing capacity against replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 wild type, Delta, BA.4/5.

Language: Английский

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Extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1* variant in a population with high levels of hybrid immunity: A prevalence survey

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 159 - 167

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1* variant rapidly spread globally in late 2022, posing a challenge due to its increased immune evasion.

Language: Английский

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