Advanced Materials Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 10, 2024
Abstract
The
proton
exchange
membrane
water
electrolysis
(PEMWE)
is
a
promising
technology
for
green
hydrogen
production.
However,
the
wide‐spread
application
of
PEMWE
hindered
by
insufficient
lifetime
due
to
degradation
anode
material
and
structure,
thus
it
crucial
first
understand
mechanisms
in
actual
applications.
Generally,
side
can
be
classified
as
chemical
physical
degradation.
considerable
research
focus
from
academia
enhance
performance
durability
mainly
methods.
based
on
experience
industry,
many
limitations
originated
factors.
Herein,
impact
characteristic
catalyst
layer
(ACL)
investigated,
including
cracking
deformation
ACL,
swelling
creeping
ionomers,
detachment
particles.
Finally,
an
outlook
future
provided,
demand
developing
efficient
durable
industrial
devices.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
52(16), P. 5652 - 5683
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
This
review
scrutinizes
recent
progress
in
PEMWE
system
including
mechanisms,
the
correlation
among
structure-composition–performance,
manufacturing,
design
and
operation
protocols.
The
challenges
perspectives
for
applications
are
proposed.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(14)
Published: Feb. 17, 2022
Abstract
Proton
exchange
membrane
water
electrolyzer
(PEMWE)
technology
is
of
interest
in
the
context
electrocatalytic
hydrogen
generation
from
renewable
energies.
It
has
benefits
immediate
response,
higher
proton
conductivity,
lower
ohmic
losses,
and
gas
crossover
rate.
One
key
step
toward
to
large‐scale
application,
development
highly
efficient,
durable,
compatible
anodic
oxygen
evolution
electrocatalysts
acidic
media
decrease
usage
expensive
scarce
precious
metals.
Within
this
scenario,
an
in‐depth
understanding
reaction
mechanisms
including
adsorption
mechanism
lattice
first
provided
aid
innovative
materials
elucidate
origin
catalyst
degradation.
Second,
recent
progress
acid
reviewed
with
emphasis
on
underlying
structure–performance
relationships.
Third,
current
application
status
research
PEMWEs
along
representative
examples
are
discussed.
Last,
remaining
challenges
promising
insights
proposed
inspire
future
studies
production
energy.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(4)
Published: Dec. 8, 2022
The
conversion
of
biomass
is
a
favorable
alternative
to
the
fossil
energy
route
solve
crisis
and
environmental
pollution.
As
one
most
versatile
platform
compounds,
5-hydroxymethylfural
(HMF)
can
be
transformed
various
value-added
chemicals
via
electrolysis
combining
with
renewable
energy.
Here,
recent
advances
in
electrochemical
oxidation
HMF,
from
reaction
mechanism
reactor
design
are
reviewed.
First,
pathway
summarized
systematically.
Second,
parameters
easy
ignored
emphasized
discussed.
Then,
electrocatalysts
reviewed
comprehensively
for
different
products
reactors
introduced.
Finally,
future
efforts
on
exploring
mechanism,
electrocatalysts,
prospected.
This
review
provides
deeper
understanding
electrocatalyst
reactor,
which
expected
promote
economical
efficient
industrial
applications.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: July 31, 2023
Clean
hydrogen
production
requires
large-scale
deployment
of
water-electrolysis
technologies,
particularly
proton-exchange-membrane
water
electrolyzers
(PEMWEs).
However,
as
iridium-based
electrocatalysts
remain
the
only
practical
option
for
PEMWEs,
their
low
abundance
will
become
a
bottleneck
sustainable
economy.
Herein,
we
propose
high-performing
and
durable
ionomer-free
porous
transport
electrodes
(PTEs)
with
facile
recycling
features
enabling
Ir
thrifting
reclamation.
The
offer
pathway
to
investigate
role
ionomer
in
catalyst
layer
and,
from
microelectrode
measurements,
point
an
poisoning
effect
oxygen
evolution
reaction.
demonstrate
voltage
reduction
>
600
mV
compared
conventional
ionomer-coated
at
1.8
A
cm-2
<0.1
mgIr
cm-2,
degradation
29
average
rate
0.58
per
1000-cycles
after
50k
cycles
accelerated-stress
tests
4
cm-2.
Moreover,
feature
enables
multiple
components
which
is
critical
circular
clean
Journal of The Electrochemical Society,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
170(8), P. 084512 - 084512
Published: Aug. 1, 2023
Improving
utilization,
performance,
and
stability
of
low
iridium
(Ir)-loaded
anodes
is
a
key
goal
to
enable
widespread
adoption
polymer
electrolyte
membrane
water
electrolysis
(PEMWE)
for
clean
hydrogen
production.
A
potential
limitation
high
ionic
or
electronic
resistance
the
anode
catalyst
layer,
which
leads
poor
increased
voltage
losses,
local
overpotentials
that
can
accelerate
degradation.
While
layer
relatively
well-understood
in
fuel
cells
other
porous
electrode
systems,
characterization
these
effects
not
as
well
established
PEMWE
research.
Here
we
present
in-situ
methods
measuring
using
non-faradaic
H
2
/H
O
condition
calculating
associated
losses.
These
are
applied
layers
based
on
IrO
nanoparticles
dispersed
nano-structured
thin
film
(NSTF)
Ir
catalysts.
Trends
with
loading
interactions
between
transport
investigated
anodes.
Post-mortem
microscopic
analysis
durability-tested
also
presented,
showing
uneven
degradation
caused
by
resistance.
International Journal of Energy Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2023, P. 1 - 23
Published: Feb. 4, 2023
During
the
past
decades,
a
significant
amount
of
excellent
scientific
results
has
been
generated
in
field
polymer
electrolyte
membrane
water
electrolysis
(PEMWE).
Compared
to
current
state-of-the-art
technologies,
PEMWE
offers
opportunity
produce
green
hydrogen
with
zero
carbon
emissions.
However,
electrode
assembly
(MEA),
whose
price
is
still
high
for
rather
limited
lifetime,
needs
further
improvement
terms
performance,
cost,
and
durability.
In
order
efficiently
process
novel
materials,
accelerated
stress
tests
(ASTs)
can
be
implemented
provoke
investigate
cell
ageing
processes
assess
failure
modes
under
real-life
conditions.
this
review,
different
stressors
main
components
MEA
are
discussed,
recent
publications
ASTs
study
durability
summarized.
Furthermore,
concise
review
degradation
mechanisms
individual
depicted
presented.
The
aspects
identified
serve
as
roadmap
advance
stack
materials.
ACS Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 921 - 954
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
Sustainable
hydrogen
(H2)
production
via
water
electrolysis
is
one
of
the
most
critical
pathways
to
decarbonize
chemical
industry.
Among
various
electrolyzer
technologies,
proton
exchange
membrane
(PEM)
(PEMWE)
widely
regarded
as
having
a
great
advantage
and
promise
for
large-scale
H2
given
its
high
efficiency,
reliable
stability,
output
pressure.
Though
state-of-the-art
iridium-based
catalysts
exhibit
satisfying
activity
stability
oxygen
evolution
reaction
at
anode,
their
loadings,
well
precious
metal
coating
titanium
bulk
porous
transport
layer
(PTL)
bipolar
plates,
significantly
add
capital
cost
PEMWE
stack.
The
respective
optimization
integration
PTL,
catalyst
(CL)
PEM
enhancing
charge
transfer,
mass
transport,
utilization
lower
operation
cost,
yet
it
has
not
received
adequate
attention.
In
this
review,
anode
engineering
strategies
rationally
design
PTL/CL
interface
PEM/CL
performance
improvement
reduction
are
summarized.
Current
understandings
on
PTL
material,
structure,
two-phase
properties
first
gathered,
followed
by
discussion
methods
techniques.
Given
raising
attention
electrolyzers
operating
current
densities,
review
provides
practical
comprehensive
direction
next-generation
addressing
key
components
related
efficiency
issues
in
PEMWE.
Materials Science for Energy Technologies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 44 - 65
Published: July 26, 2024
Hydrogen
has
attracted
growing
research
interest
due
to
its
exceptionally
high
energy
per
mass
content
and
being
a
clean
carrier,
unlike
the
widely
used
hydrocarbon
fuels.
With
possibility
of
long-term
storage
re-electrification,
hydrogen
promises
promote
effective
utilization
renewable
sustainable
resources.
Clean
can
be
produced
through
renewable-powered
water
electrolysis
process.
Although
alkaline
is
currently
mature
commercially
available
technology
for
production,
it
several
shortcomings
that
hinder
integration
with
intermittent
fluctuating
sources.
The
proton
exchange
membrane
(PEMWE)
been
developed
offer
voltage
efficiencies
at
current
densities.
Besides,
PEMWE
cells
are
characterized
by
fast
system
response
power,
enabling
operations
broader
partial
power
load
ranges
while
consistently
delivering
high-purity
low
ohmic
losses.
Recently,
much
effort
devoted
improving
efficiency,
performance,
durability,
economy
cells.
activities
in
this
context
include
investigations
different
cell
component
materials,
protective
coatings,
material
characterizations,
as
well
synthesis
analysis
new
electrocatalysts
enhanced
electrochemical
activity
stability
minimized
use
noble
metals.
Further,
many
modeling
studies
have
reported
analyze
performance
considering
electrochemistry,
overvoltage,
thermodynamics.
Thus,
imperative
review
compile
recent
covering
multiple
aspects
one
literature
present
advancements
limitations
field.
This
article
offers
comprehensive
state-of-the-art
It
compiles
on
each
discusses
how
characteristics
these
components
affect
overall
performance.
In
addition,
various
catalyst
materials
reviewed.
thermodynamics
electrochemistry
electrolytic
splitting
described,
inherent
overvoltage
elucidated.
modeling,
aimed
analyzing
cells,
compiled.
Overall,
provides
components,
electrocatalysts,
but
pursuit
seamless
transition
energy.
