Research progress in the preparation of high-quality liquid fuels and chemicals by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass: A review

Energy Conversion and Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 261, P. 115647 - 115647

Published: April 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Challenges and opportunities of light olefin production via thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of end-of-life polyolefins: Towards full recyclability

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 96, P. 101046 - 101046

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Is full recyclability of polyolefins via chemical recycling a dream, or can it become reality? The main problem in plastic waste is that its composition highly heterogeneous while sorting and purifying solutions to obtain mono-streams are complex require large investments, thereby hampering the economy scale. Ideally, novel processes designed have mixed wastes as input higher value products produced such C2–C4 olefins aromatics instead low oil. In this review we show directions how realize these objectives. Classical thermal pyrolysis offers some possibilities but requires very high temperatures exceeding 800 °C transform back into desired temperatures. Nevertheless, because robustness, polyolefinic currently intensively studied first industrial applications operated at medium temperature range maximize oil product. Catalytic still under development, ideal lab-scale conditions around 85 wt.% be when pure polyolefin feeds used. With improved catalyst design should possible get number further up without affecting stability. As yield light impacted by both process (reactor type, efficiency prior conversion, flexibility towards feed composition) experimental parameters (temperature, catalyst/feed ratio, contact mode, residence time, addition inert reactants) also improvements respect. To industrialize waste, short times (<1 s) crucial avoid secondary reactions by-products methane, coke, aromatics. Pyrolysis reactors according principles, downers, spouted fluidized bed, vortex reactors, envisaged result optimal yields olefins. However, coke formation seems inevitable reactor designs need sufficiently robust allow for in-situ removal. For future research will viability improve purification stream, optimize catalysts selectivity stability, suitable reactor. It innovations three areas eventually reaching 90 target.

Language: Английский

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Plastic waste as pyrolysis feedstock for plastic oil production: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 877, P. 162719 - 162719

Published: March 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Structure–Activity Relationships in Catalytic Conversion of Polyolefin Plastics by Zeolite-Based Catalysts: A Critical Review

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(24), P. 14882 - 14901

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Polyolefins, the largest used commodity plastics in world, find extensive application many fields. However, most end up landfills or incineration, leading to severe ecological crises, environmental pollution, and serious resource waste problems. As representatives on chemical upcycling of polyolefin fuels bulk/fine chemicals, catalytic cracking hydrocracking based zeolite metal/zeolite composite catalysts are considered effective paths due their large capacity strong adaptability existing petrochemical equipment. After an overview reaction mechanisms pyrolysis cracking, this review aims comprehensively discuss influence catalyst structure (acidity, pore structure, morphology) activity, selectivity, stability particularly emphasizing importance for matching acidity target product formation. Subsequently, structure–activity relationship between metal site zeolite's acid is also discussed. In end, emerging opportunities challenges proposed promote a more efficient way upcycling.

Language: Английский

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Thermochemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuels, Chemicals, and Value‐Added Materials: A Critical Review and Outlooks

ChemSusChem, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(11)

Published: March 29, 2022

Plastic waste is an emerging environmental issue for our society. Critical action to tackle this problem upcycle plastic as valuable feedstock. Thermochemical conversion of has received growing attention. Although thermochemical promising handling mixed waste, it typically occurs at high temperatures (300-800 °C). Catalysts can play a critical role in improving the energy efficiency conversion, promoting targeted reactions, and product selectivity. This Review aims summarize state-of-the-art catalytic conversions various types waste. First, general trends recent development including pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal processes, chemolysis into fuels, chemicals, value-added materials were reviewed. Second, status quo commercial implementation was summarized. Finally, current challenges future perspectives design sustainable robust catalysts discussed.

Language: Английский

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“Functional upcycling” of polymer waste towards the design of new materials

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(14), P. 4755 - 4832

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Diversification of polymer waste recycling is one the solutions to improve current environmental scenario. Upcycling a promising strategy for converting into molecular intermediates and high-value products. Although catalytic transformations small molecules have been actively discussed, methods characteristics upcycling new materials not yet addressed. Recently, functionalisation wastes (polyethylene terephthalate bottles, polypropylene surgical masks, rubber tires, etc.) their conversion with enhanced functionality proposed as an appealing alternative dealing recycling/treatment. In this review, term 'functional upcycling' introduced designate any method post-polymerisation modification or surface without considerable chain destruction produce upcycled material added value. This review explores functional detailed consideration most common polymers, i.e., polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, rubber. We discuss composition plastic waste, reactivity, available physical/chemical agents modification, interconnection between properties application. To date, successfully applied adsorbents (including CO2), catalysts, electrode energy storage sensing, demonstrating high Importantly, reviewed reports indicated that specific performance generally comparable higher than similar prepared from virgin feedstock. All these advantages promote diversification approach against postprocessing employed waste. Finally, identify limitations suggest future scope research each polymer, we comparatively analysed aspects those chemical mechanical recycling, considering resource costs, toxicity used chemicals, footprint, value product.

Language: Английский

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Pyrolysis for plastic waste management: An engineering perspective

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 108865 - 108865

Published: Oct. 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Recent Research Advancements in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 2033 - 2049

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

The disposal of plastic waste is currently one the major global issues affecting environmental balance and mankind. It therefore crucial to turn into value-added products. Thermochemical recycling techniques have been researched extensively generate fuels, monomers, other has determined that pyrolysis an effective method for chemical recycling. Plastic wastes are transformed products including liquid oil, gas, solid residues during thermal breakdown. Low-quality oil gaseous also produced through pyrolysis, which demands a long retention period high temperature. Catalytic helps deal with these problems. To obtain higher quantities fuel in form or varieties catalysts, such as natural zeolite, Y-zeolite, HZSM-5, ZSM-5, FCC, mud, Ca(OH)2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, used. present Perspective aims briefly unveil recent developments catalytic waste. primarily focuses on impact yields composition well their further applications. Also, extensive review techno-economic assessment based capital operating cost, utilization coproducts, fuel, feedstock logistics presented.

Language: Английский

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A focused review on recycling and hydrolysis techniques of polyethylene terephthalate

Polymer Engineering and Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(9), P. 2651 - 2674

Published: June 21, 2023

Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in textile and packaging industries. The main source of PET production fossil fuels with limited capacity. Also, products are single use that transform into high volumes wastes, causing ecosystem problems. Recycling proposed to confront this challenge. four major recycling techniques mechanical, chemical, pyrolysis, enzymatic. Mechanical, enzymatic have constrained capabilities manage waste. Chemical the potential path expanding waste possibility upcycling addressing dirty streams. Several chemical methods introduced discussed literature. five glycolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis, hydrolysis. This review describes depolymerization via these introduces hydrolysis as one can depolymerize an organic‐free solvent environment. Hydrolysis tolerates mixed wastes streams including copolymers. It helps avoid challenges attributed using organic solvents reaction systems. Moreover, produces terephthalic acid, monomer, which has recently gained attention initiative monomer for production. focuses on three forms hydrolysis—alkaline, neutral, by presenting background studies, issued patents, recent trends application

Language: Английский

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From plastic waste pyrolysis to Fuel: Impact of process parameters and material selection on hydrogen production

Fuel, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 344, P. 128107 - 128107

Published: March 24, 2023

Hydrogen is an energy carrier that can be utilized in various applications, including power plants, the synthesis of high-value products, and clean transportation fuels without emissions. Hence, hydrogen a potential candidate replace fossil reduce environmental pollution. The high demand for plastics driving production rate to increase yearly, leading great accumulation plastic waste materials resulting severe burden on environment. Thermo-catalytic conversion other promising route efficiently provide ideal long-term solution necessary overcome this challenge. Developing durable high-efficiency catalysts immerge from wastes industrial scale still challenge researchers. This study comprehensively summarizes discusses recently published literature using different thermo-catalytic processes, pyrolysis, pyrolysis-air gasification, pyrolysis-steam reforming, pyrolysis- (CO2) dry pyrolysis-plasma catalysis. scope review focus influence supports, method yield hydrogen, impact several crucial reaction parameters like pyrolysis temperature, catalytic catalyst plastic, steam ratios inclusive as well. conclusions will extremely valuable researchers interested sustainable generation H2 materials.

Language: Английский

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