How
a
terrorist
attack
(TA)
as
an
extreme
shock
affects
the
energy
efficiency
of
attacked
country
has
been
controversial.
This
study
investigates
relationship
between
TAs
and
intensity
(EI)
based
on
generalized
method
moments
(GMM)
estimation
utilizing
cross-country
panel
data
68
countries
from
1970
to
2016.
The
findings
reveal
generally
negative
effect
TA
EI.
Subsample
regression
results
further
suggest
that
magnitude
this
impact
varies
depending
political
party
orientation
(left-wing
vs.
right-wing)
Organisation
for
Economic
Co-operation
Development
(OECD)
status
country.
Our
analysis
also
identifies
EI
is
primarily
driven
by
implementation
policies
(EEPs)
rise
in
prices
(EPs)
following
attack.
Additionally,
we
find
more
efficient
government
institutions
can
positively
moderate
adverse
contributes
literature
highlighting
complex
dynamics
security
shocks
efficiency,
with
important
policy
implications
enhancing
resilience
through
institutional
management
strategies.
Applied Energy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
347, P. 121443 - 121443
Published: June 28, 2023
The
subject
of
this
article
concerns
a
crucial
issue
energy
security
in
the
European
Union
countries,
especially
during
war
Ukraine.
paper
presents
results
study
aimed
at
assessing
level
EU-27
countries
from
two
perspectives
(for
variants
analysis).
first
variant
assesses
which
is
derived
traditional
approach
related
to
availability
sources
affordable
prices
(energy
and
economic
factors).
second
perspective
sustainable
development,
so-called
security,
which,
addition
factors,
also
takes
into
account
environmental
social
factors.
multi-criteria
nature
matter
undertaken
determined
adoption
methodology
based
on
Multiple-criteria
decision-making
methods
(MCDM)
for
study.
Also,
author's
integrated
indicator
weighting
MCDM
was
used.
CRiteria
Importance
Through
Intercriteria
Correlation
(CRITIC)
standard
deviation
(SD)
were
utilized
determine
weights,
Grey
relational
analysis
(GRA)
Technique
Order
Preference
by
Similarity
Ideal
Solution
(TOPSIS)
used
core
part
research.
Based
proposed
research
results,
rankings
studied
created
analyzed
levels
specified.
carried
out
an
11-year
period
between
2010
2020.
showed
that
some
EU
depends
assessment
variant.
Regardless
variant,
high
found
Scandinavian
countries.
It
reasonable
use
presented
when
developing
new
climate
strategy,
seems
absolutely
necessary
geopolitical
situation
has
now
emerged
region.
should
be
regarded
as
voice
discussion
choice
direction
pace
transformation
context
building
knowledge-based
economy
neutrality
Europe.
Applied Economics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 21
Published: Feb. 25, 2024
Energy
security
is
an
important
guarantor
of
national
development,
while
energy
innovation
endogenous
driver
sustainable
development.
This
paper
examines
the
impact
on
innovation,
which
has
strategic
implications.
Using
original
data
from
66
countries
for
1996–2019,
we
construct
two-way
fixed
effects
models
empirical
analysis.
The
results
show
that
there
a
potential
non-linear
effect
and
this
shows
U-shape.
In
terms
influence
mechanisms,
U-shaped
propagated
through
policy
as
mediating
mechanism.
Furthermore,
left-wing
parties
in
power
have
stronger
effects,
increasing
government
stability
decreasing
financial
risk
correlation
between
innovation.
provides
new
insights
into
understanding
offers
targeted
recommendations.
