International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 1032 - 1032
Published: Feb. 6, 2020
This
work
characterizes
the
dimension
and
exceptionality
of
2017
large-
mega-fires
that
occurred
in
center
region
Portugal
through
assessment
their
impact
on
ambient
levels
particulate
matter
(PM10
PM2.5),
retrieved
from
local
monitoring
stations,
associated
public
health
risks.
PM10
PM2.5
concentrations
were
increased
during
occurrence
large
fires
megafires,
with
daily
exceeding
European/national
guidelines
7–14
1–12
days
(up
to
704
µg/m3
for
46
respectively.
correlated
total
burned
area
(0.500
<
r
0.949;
p
>
0.05)
monthly
area/distance2
0.667;
0.05).
The
forest
took
life
112
citizens.
A
474
cases
hospital
admissions
due
cardiovascular
diseases
3524
asthma
incidence
symptoms
per
100,000
individuals
at
risk
assessed
exposure
fires.
Real-time
situ
PM
methodologies
should
be
combined
protection
action
plans
reduce
Portuguese
rural
stations
monitor
other
health-relevant
pollutants
(e.g.,
carbon
monoxide
volatile
organic
compounds)
released
wildfires
allow
performing
more
robust
comprehensive
measurements
will
a
better
potential
risks
exposed
populations.
Respiratory Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Nov. 13, 2020
Epidemiological
studies
have
found
strong
associations
between
air
pollution
and
respiratory
effects
including
development
and/or
exacerbation
of
asthma
chronic
obstructive
pulmonary
disease
(COPD)
as
well
increased
occurrence
infections
lung
cancer.
It
has
become
increasingly
clear
that
also
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs)
may
affect
processes
linked
to
non-malignant
diseases
in
the
airways.
The
aim
present
paper
was
review
epidemiological
on
gas
phase
particle-bound
PAHs
ambient
or
closely
related
physiological
processes,
assess
whether
PAH-exposure
explain
some
associated
with
pollution.
Based
experimental
vivo
vitro
studies,
we
explore
possible
mechanisms
for
how
different
contribute
such
events.
show
strongest
evidence
an
association
function
children.
This
is
supported
by
prenatal
postnatal
exposure.
Exposure
adults
seems
be
functions,
morbidity/mortality
diseases.
However,
available
are
few
weak.
Notably,
measured
plasma/urine
represent
other
exposure
routes
than
inhalation.
Furthermore,
role
difficult
disentangle
from
components
originating
combustion
processes.
Experimental
trigger
various
Physiological-
pathological
responses
include
redox
imbalance,
oxidative
stress,
inflammation
both
innate
adaptive
immune
systems,
smooth
muscle
constriction,
epithelial-
endothelial
dysfunction
dysregulated
development.
Such
biological
at
molecular
level
initiated
PAH-binding
aryl
hydrocarbon
receptor
(AhR),
but
possibly
through
interactions
beta-adrenergic
receptors.
In
addition,
reactive
PAH
metabolites
oxygen
species
(ROS)
interfere
directly
ion
transporters
enzymes
involved
signal
transduction.
Overall,
reviewed
literature
shows
extend
beyond
relative
importance
specific
ability
induce
differ
endpoint
question.
Environmental Technology & Innovation,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
28, P. 102551 - 102551
Published: April 12, 2022
In
recent
years,
low-cost
air
pollution
technologies
have
gained
increasing
interest
and,
been
studied
widely
by
the
scientific
community.
Thus,
these
new
sensing
must
provide
reliable
data
with
good
precision
and
accuracy.
Accordingly,
this
review
aimed
to
evaluate
compare
technology
against
other
instruments
used
for
comparison
various
studies
from
literature
monitor
indoor
quality
in
different
environments.
After
exclusions,
a
total
of
42
divided
into
two
subsections
(11
laboratory
31
field
studies)
were
analysed
considering
their
aim,
location,
study
duration,
sampling
area,
pollutant(s)
evaluated,
sensor/device
instrument
comparison,
performance
indexes
main
outcomes.
The
reviewed
assess
sensors/devices
comparison.
vast
majority
took
place
USA.
mainly
conducted
controlled
chamber,
performed
homes,
offices,
educational
buildings,
among
others.
both
cases,
particulate
matter
was
most
assessed
pollutant,
either
commercial
devices
(e.g.:
Speck,
Dylos,
Foobot)
or
sensors
(e.g.
Sharp
GP2Y1010AU0F).
general,
based
on
statistical
parameters,
tested
presented
moderate
correlations
revealing
sufficient
monitoring
microenvironments,
especially
qualitative
analysis.
is
encouraged,
but
not
waiving
relevance
high
(mainly
reference
instruments).
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
269, P. 115905 - 115905
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Coal
fly
ash
(CFA),
a
byproduct
of
coal
combustion,
is
hazardous
industrial
solid
waste.
Its
excessive
global
production,
coupled
with
improper
disposal
practices,
insufficient
utilization
and
limited
awareness
its
inherent
hazards,
poses
significant
threat
to
both
ecological
environment
human
health.
Based
on
the
physicochemical
properties
CFA
leachates,
we
elucidate
forms
potential
pathways
for
entry
into
body,
as
well
leaching
behavior,
maximum
tolerance
biological
half-life
toxic
elements
present
in
CFA.
Furthermore,
provide
an
overview
current
strategies
methods
mitigating
these
harmful
from
Moreover,
systemically
summarize
effect
organisms
across
various
tiers
complexity,
analyze
epidemiological
findings
concerning
health
implications
resulting
exposure,
delve
biotoxicological
mechanisms
leachates
at
cellular
molecular
levels.
This
review
aims
enhance
understanding
toxicity
CFA,
thereby
promoting
increased
public
regarding
management
this
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
18(21), P. 11055 - 11055
Published: Oct. 21, 2021
Particulate
matter
(PM)
is
a
complex
mixture
of
solid
particles
and
liquid
droplets
suspended
in
the
air
with
varying
size,
shape,
chemical
composition
which
intensifies
significant
concern
due
to
severe
health
effects.
Based
on
well-established
human
effects
outdoor
PM,
health-based
standards
for
have
been
promoted
(e.g.,
National
Ambient
Air
Quality
Standards
formulated
by
U.S.).
Due
exchange
indoor
air,
particulate
related
sources
components
PM.
However,
PM
environment
has
potential
exceed
levels.
Indoor
includes
origin
that
drift
indoors
originate
from
activities,
include
cooking,
fireplaces,
smoking,
fuel
combustion
heating,
burning
incense.
can
be
enriched
inorganic
organic
contaminants,
including
toxic
heavy
metals
carcinogenic
volatile
compounds.
As
hazard,
exposure
received
increased
attention
recent
years
because
people
spend
most
their
time
indoors.
In
addition,
as
quantity,
quality,
scope
research
expanded,
it
necessary
conduct
systematic
review
This
discusses
sources,
pathways,
characteristics,
effects,
mitigation
Practical
solutions
steps
reduce
are
also
discussed.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
750, P. 141395 - 141395
Published: Aug. 1, 2020
Cars
are
a
commuting
lifeline
worldwide,
despite
contributing
significantly
to
air
pollution.
This
is
the
first
global
assessment
on
pollution
exposure
in
cars
across
ten
cities:
Dhaka
(Bangladesh);
Chennai
(India);
Guangzhou
(China);
Medellín
(Colombia);
São
Paulo
(Brazil);
Cairo
(Egypt);
Sulaymaniyah
(Iraq);
Addis
Ababa
(Ethiopia);
Blantyre
(Malawi);
and
Dar-es-Salaam
(Tanzania).
Portable
laser
particle
counters
were
used
develop
proxy
of
car-user
profiles
analyse
factors
affecting
particulate
matter
≤2.5
μm
(PM2.5;
fine
fraction)
≤10
(PM2.5–10;
coarse
fraction).
Measurements
carried
out
during
morning,
off-
evening-peak
hours
under
windows-open
windows-closed
(fan-on
recirculation)
conditions
predefined
routes.
For
all
cities,
PM2.5
PM10
concentrations
highest
windows-open,
followed
by
fan-on
recirculation.
Compared
with
recirculation,
higher
up
589%
(Blantyre)
1020%
(São
Paulo),
385%
Paulo)
390%
fan-on,
respectively.
Coarse
particles
dominated
PM
fraction
while
indicating
filter
effectiveness
removing
need
for
filters
that
limit
ingress
particles.
Spatial
variation
analysis
showed
hotspots
make
third
total
route-length.
off-peak
was
91%
40%
less
than
morning
evening
peak
hours,
Across
determinants
relatively
high
personal
doses
included
lower
car
speeds,
temporally
longer
journeys,
in-car
concentrations.
It
also
concluded
car-users
least
affluent
cities
experienced
disproportionately
exposures.
Cities
classified
into
three
groups
according
low,
intermediate
levels
commuters,
allowing
draw
similarities
highlight
best
practices.
