Comprehensive review of emerging contaminants: Detection technologies, environmental impact, and management strategies

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 278, P. 116420 - 116420

Published: May 2, 2024

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are a diverse group of unregulated pollutants increasingly present in the environment. These contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, and industrial chemicals, can enter environment through various pathways persist, accumulating food chain posing risks to ecosystems human health. This comprehensive review examines chemical characteristics, sources, varieties ECs. It critically evaluates current understanding their environmental health impacts, highlighting recent advancements challenges detection analysis. The also assesses existing regulations policies, identifying shortcomings proposing potential enhancements. ECs pose significant wildlife by disrupting animal hormones, causing genetic alterations that diminish diversity resilience, altering soil nutrient dynamics physical Furthermore, increasing health, hormonal disruptions, antibiotic resistance, disruption, neurological effects, carcinogenic other long-term impacts. To address these critical issues, offers recommendations for future research, emphasizing areas requiring further investigation comprehend full implications contaminants. suggests increased funding support development advanced technologies, establishment standardized methods, adoption precautionary regulations, enhanced public awareness education, cross-sectoral collaboration, integration scientific research into policy-making. By implementing solutions, we improve our ability detect, monitor, manage ECs, reducing risks.

Language: Английский

---

Further Insight into Extractable (Organo)fluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Tap Water from Shanghai, China

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(38), P. 14330 - 14339

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

The ubiquitous occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) the detection unexplained extractable organofluorine (EOF) in drinking water have raised growing concerns. A recent study reported inorganic fluorinated anions German river systems, therefore, some samples, EOF may include anions. Thus, it might be more appropriate to use term "extractable fluorine (EF) analysis" instead analysis. In this study, tap samples (n = 39) from Shanghai were collected assess levels EF/EOF, 35 target PFAS, two (tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) hexafluorophosphate (PF6-)), novel PFAS through suspect screening potential oxidizable precursors oxidative conversion. results showed that ultra-short largest contributors accounting for up 97% ΣPFAS. To best our knowledge, was first time bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2) China, p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) also identified screening. Small amounts can oxidatively converted PFCAs noted after EF mass balance analysis revealed could only explain less than 36% EF. However, greatly reduced when BF4- PF6- included. These compounds further explained 44% EF, indicating role

Language: Английский

---

Sub-acute exposure of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOA and GenX induces significant changes in the testis transcriptome and reproductive traits

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 108703 - 108703

Published: April 26, 2024

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are frequently detected in the environment linked to adverse reproductive health outcomes humans. Although legacy PFAS have been phased out due their toxicity, alternative increasingly used despite fact that information on toxic effects traits is particularly scarce. Here, we exposed male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) for a short period (21 days) an environmentally realistic concentration (1 ppb) of PFOA, PFAS, its replacement compound, GenX, assess impact gene expression. Exposure did not impair survival but instead caused sublethal effects. Overall, exposure changes sexual behaviour had detrimental sperm motility. Sublethal variations were also seen at transcriptional level, with modulation genes involved immune regulation, spermatogenesis, oxidative stress. We observed bioaccumulation which was higher PFOA than GenX. Our results offer comprehensive comparison these two shed light toxicity newly emerging PFAS. It therefore evident even low concentrations exposure, can subtle yet significant behaviour, fertility, immunity. These findings underscore potential ramifications pollution under natural conditions fish populations.

Language: Английский

---

Epidemic-specific association of maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their components with maternal glucose metabolism: A cross-sectional analysis in a birth cohort from Hong Kong

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 917, P. 170220 - 170220

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals that have been linked to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may affect glucose metabolisms during pregnancy. We examined the associations between maternal PFAS exposure GDM among 1601 mothers who joined Hyperglycaemia-and-Adverse-Pregnancy-Outcome (HAPO) Study in Hong Kong 2001–2006. All underwent a 75 g-oral-glucose-tolerance test at 24–32 weeks gestation. measured serum concentrations six biomarkers using high-performance liquid-chromatography-coupled-with-tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). fitted conventional advanced models (quantile-g-computation [qgcomp] Bayesian-kernel machine regression [BKMR]) assess individual mixture with glycaemic traits. Subgroup analyses were performed based on enrollment period by severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome (SARS) epidemic periods March 2003 May 2004. PFOS PFOA main components pregnant women HAPO study, significantly higher median (19.09 ng/mL), compared Chinese (9.40 ng/mL) US (5.27 ng/mL). Maternal was associated HbA1c qgcomp (β = 0.04, 95 % CI: 0.01–0.06) model. did not observe significant fasting plasma (PG), 1-h 2-h PG either model, except for qgcmop model 0.074, 0.01–0.15). primary contributor overall positive effects HbA1c. Epidemic-specific showed specific odds pre-SARS period. The concentration highest peri-SARS (21.2 [14.5–43.6] (12.3 [9.2–19.9] post-SARS (20.3 [14.2–46.3] periods. Potential interactions exposure-response relationships PFNA elevated observed BKMR altered metabolism SARS epidemic-specific call further studies its long-term adverse health effects, especially potential modified lifestyle changes COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

---

Legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) alter the lipid profile of HepaRG cells

Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 506, P. 153862 - 153862

Published: June 12, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used in various industrial consumer products. They have gained attention due to their ubiquitous occurrence the environment potential for adverse effects on human health, often linked immune suppression, hepatotoxicity, altered cholesterol metabolism. This study aimed explore impact of ten individual PFAS, 3H-perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxypropoxy) propanoic acid] (PMPP/Adona), ammonium perfluoro-(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (HFPO-DA/GenX), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutanesulfonic (PFBS), perfluorodecanoic (PFDA), perfluorohexanoic (PFHxA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS) lipid metabolism hepatocyte-like cells (HepaRG). These were exposed different concentrations PFAS ranging from 10 µM 5000 µM. Lipids extracted analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC- MS-QTOF). PFOS at PFOA 25 increased levels ceramide (Cer), diacylglycerol (DAG), N-acylethanolamine (NAE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), triacylglycerol (TAG) lipids, while PMPP/Adona, HFPO-DA/GenX, PFBA, PFBS, PFHxA, PFHxS decreased these lipids. Furthermore, markedly reduced palmitic (FA 16.0). The present shows distinct concentration-dependent species, shedding light implications essential cellular functions. Our revealed that investigated legacy (PFOS, PFOA, PFDA, PFHxS, PFNA) alternative (PMPP/Adona, HFPO-DA/GenX PFBS) can potentially disrupt homeostasis hepatic cells. research offers a comprehensive insight into impacts composition HepaRG

Language: Английский

---

PFAS and their association with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women

Toxicological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 200(2), P. 312 - 323

Published: May 17, 2024

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the major causes death globally. In addition to traditional risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyles (smoking, obesity, sedentary) and genetics, common environmental exposures, including persistent contaminants, may also influence CVD risk. Per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) a class highly fluorinated chemicals used in household consumer industrial products known persist our environment for years, causing health concerns that now linked endocrine disruptions related outcomes women, interference cardiovascular reproductive systems. postmenopausal higher levels PFAS observed than premenopausal women due cessation menstruation, which is crucial excretion. Because these findings, we explored association between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutanesulfonic from previously established study. We liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, supported by machine learning approaches, detection quantification serum metabolites proteins. Here, show PFOS can be good predictor coronary artery disease, whereas PFOA an intermediate microvascular disease. found study significantly associated inflammation-related Our findings provide new insight into potential mechanisms underlying PFAS-induced CVDs this population. This shows exposure increased disease women. correlate amino acids proteins inflammation. These circulating biomarkers contribute etiology potentially implicate mechanistic relationship events

Language: Английский

---

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and high-throughput proteomics in Hispanic youth

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 186, P. 108601 - 108601

Published: March 23, 2024

Strong epidemiological evidence shows positive associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) adverse cardiometabolic outcomes (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia). However, the underlying cardiometabolic-relevant biological activities of PFAS in humans remain largely unclear. We evaluated with high-throughput proteomics Hispanic youth. included 312 overweight/obese adolescents from Study Latino Adolescents at Risk (SOLAR) 2001 2012, along 137 young adults Metabolic Asthma Incidence Research (Meta-AIR) 2014 2018. Plasma (i.e., PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFHpS, PFNA) were quantified using liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. proteins (n = 334) measured utilizing proximity extension assay an Olink Explore Cardiometabolic Panel I. conducted linear regression covariate adjustment identify PFAS-associated proteins. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, protein annotation used investigate alterations functions clusters. Results after adjusting for multiple comparisons showed 13 significant SOLAR six Meta-AIR, sharing similar inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress. In SOLAR, PFNA demonstrated largest number proteins, including ACP5, CLEC1A, HMOX1, LRP11, MCAM, SPARCL1, SSC5D. After considering mixture effect PFAS, only SSC5D remained significant. mixtures GDF15 IL6. Exploratory analysis findings. Specifically, pathway PFOA- PFNA-associated activation immune-related pathways, inflammatory response. PFHxS-associated dendric cell maturation was found. Moreover, associated common clusters immunoregulatory interactions JAK-STAT signaling both cohorts. broad proteomic profiles linked pro-inflammation immunoregulation. The these provide insight into potential molecular mechanisms toxicity.

Language: Английский

---

Detection and Remediation Techniques for Emerging Contaminants

Environmental science and engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 223 - 253

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Novel Method for Simultaneously Untargeted Metabolome and Targeted Exposome Analysis in One Injection

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Serum endogenous metabolites and coexisting exogenous compounds are closely related to human health. Metabolomics often uses high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), but current exposomics studies typically rely on triple quadrupole tandem due lower concentrations in the body. As a result, metabolome-exposome-wide association (mEWAS) require combination of untargeted metabolomics several targeted methods measure more exposures, leading increased time sample consumption. In this study, novel method was proposed by leveraging advantages recently introduced Zeno MRMHR technology; it allows for simultaneous acquisition metabolome HRMS exposome multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes one injection. The signal responses MRM were comparable those HRMS. This rigorously validated, all standards had relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 20% intraday interday repeatability. Over 90% metabolic features exhibited RSDs these assessments. also broad quantification range, with limits (LLOQ) from 0.1 25 ng/mL higher (HLOQ) 2.5 1000 ng/mL. approach demonstratively applied type 2 diabetes mellitus cohort identify serum risk factors study metabolome-exposome association. To our knowledge, is first implementation unified analysis mode 210 injection, offering tool mEWAS research.

Language: Английский

---

Exposure to Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and the Risk of Prostate and Ovarian Cancer: An Epidemiologic Meta‐Analysis

American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants. Previous research has linked PFAS exposure to prostate ovarian cancer risk, however, the conclusions have been inconsistent. This purpose was determine relationship between at population level. We systematically reviewed three databases-PubMed, Web of Science, Embase-for from when these databases were established April 15, 2024. The quality retrieved evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) measurement tool. Meta-analysis extracted data conducted Stata 18. also sensitivity subgroup analyses, as well Begg's Egger's tests. Twelve publications involved in analysis for cancer, six included ovary cancer. outcomes indicated that PFOS positively related (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00-1.28), while mixed 1.63, 1.49-1.78). source heterogeneity identified primarily attributable variations study design. No significant bias detected analysis. demonstrated an association both cancers. Further investigation is required clarify underlying mechanisms potential associations.

Language: Английский

---