The impact of environmental factors and contaminants on thyroid function and disease from fetal to adult life: current evidence and future directions

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 19, 2024

The thyroid gland regulates most of the physiological processes. Environmental factors, including climate change, pollution, nutritional changes, and exposure to chemicals, have been recognized impact function health. Thyroid disorders cancer increased in last decade, latter increasing by 1.1% annually, suggesting that environmental contaminants must play a role. This narrative review explores current knowledge on relationships among factors anatomy function, reporting recent data, mechanisms, gaps through which act. Global warming changes living both iodine-poor areas volcanic regions can represent threat favor cancers because low iodine intake heavy metals radon. Areas with high nitrate nitrite concentrations water soil also negatively affect function. Air particularly particulate matter outdoor air, worsen be carcinogenic. endocrine-disrupting chemicals alter many ways, as some mimic and/or disrupt hormone synthesis, release, action target tissues, such bisphenols, phthalates, perchlorate, per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances. When discussing diet nutrition, there is evidence microbiome-associated an elevated consumption animal fat would associated production autoantibodies. There negative effects microplastics. Finally, infectious diseases significantly function; recently, lessons learned from SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Understanding how influence crucial for developing preventive strategies policies guarantee appropriate development healthy metabolism new generations preventing disease adults elderly. However, are understanding warrant further research.

Language: Английский

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Thyroid Cancer and Endocrine Disruptive Chemicals: A Case-Control Study on Per-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Other Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

European Thyroid Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: April 24, 2024

Objective The aim was to evaluate the possible association between some endocrine disruptive chemicals and thyroid cancer (TC) in an Italian case–control cohort. Methods We enrolled 112 TC patients sex- age-matched controls without known diseases. Per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4′-DDT 4,4′-DDE) were measured serum by liquid or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Unconditional logistic regression, Bayesan kernel machine regression weighted quantile sum models used estimate pollutants’ levels, considered individually as mixture. BRAF V600E mutation assessed standard methods. Results detection of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) positively correlated (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.10–3.75, P 0.02), while a negative found with perfluorohexanesulfonic (PFHxS) levels 0.63, 0.41–0.98, 0.04). Moreover, perfluorononanoic (PFNA) associated presence thyroiditis, PFHxS perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) higher presurgical thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). PFHxS, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA less aggressive TC, (PCB-105 PCB-118) larger more tumors. Statistical showed mixture TC. mutations PCB-153, PCB-138, PCB-180. Conclusion Our study suggests, for first time population, that exposure PFAS PCBs associates clinical molecular features. On contrary, inverse correlation both mixture, likely due potential reverse causality.

Language: Английский

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and cancer: Detection methodologies, epidemiological insights, potential carcinogenic mechanisms, and future perspectives

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 953, P. 176158 - 176158

Published: Sept. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Analysis of thyroid function and structure and serum metabolomics in pregnant rats exposed to airborne contaminants: Combined perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposure

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 289, P. 117667 - 117667

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Perchlorates, nitrates, and thiocyanates constitute environmental endocrine disruptors; however, health damage caused by absorption through the respiratory tract remains poorly studied. We investigated effects of inhalation these pollutants on thyroid function structure serum metabolomics in pregnant rats. established a Sprague-Dawley rat model exposed to perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate at different gestational stages compared maternal levels, foetal development, morphology, pathological changes between non-exposed groups concentrations. used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods investigate corresponding metabolites metabolic biomarkers identify metabolism-related pathways. Free triiodothyronine levels medium-and high-concentration free thyroxine low-, medium-, were significantly lower than those control group. Weight gain was high-dose group Thyroid weight organ coefficients higher 15 19 days pregnancy epithelial cells demonstrated diffuse proliferation lamination with increased atomisation concentrations, tended undergo apoptosis high cell concentration. Eight 18 pathways affected GD15 GD19 groups（GD15: The demise occurring into gestation,GD19: gestation.）, respectively, post-exposure. involved included lipid, glucose, bile acid, choline, gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors. Mixed thiocyanate, perchlorate exposure can result subchronic toxicity rats, affecting structure.

Language: Английский

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Associations between exposure to sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors and markers of thyroid function: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 372, P. 144098 - 144098

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exposome-Wide Association Study of Thyroid Function Using U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 120884 - 120884

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and clinical outcomes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder undergoing methylphenidate treatment: a 12-month follow-up study

Environmental Technology & Innovation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 104111 - 104111

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nutrizione iodica e interferenti endocrini

L Endocrinologo, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

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Phthalates and Non-Phthalate Plasticizers and Thyroid Dysfunction: Current Evidence and Novel Strategies to Reduce Their Spread in Food Industry and Environment

Toxics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 222 - 222

Published: March 19, 2025

Thyroid hormones (THs) play a crucial role in various biological functions, including metabolism, cell growth, and nervous system development, any alteration involving the structure of thyroid gland TH secretion may result disease. Growing evidence suggests that phthalate plasticizers, which are commonly used wide range products (e.g., food packaging materials, children’s toys, cosmetics, medical devices), can impact function, primarily affecting serum levels THs TH-related gene expression. Like compounds, recently introduced alternative plasticizers leach from their source material into environment, particularly foods, although so far only very limited number studies have investigated toxicity. This review aimed at summarizing current knowledge on non-phthalate dysfunction disease, describing major mechanisms underlying this relationship. We will also focus industry as one main players for massive spread such compounds human body, turn conveyed by edible compounds. Given increasing worldwide use essential humans, novel strategies should be envisaged to reduce burden and, general, health.

Language: Английский

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A Scoping Review on the Prevalence of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and the Possible Associated Factors

Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 43 - 43

Published: April 10, 2025

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and characterized by presence of autoantibodies against peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin. Several studies have found that global prevalence HT has increased in recent decades, while others show opposite. The objective this scoping review was to synthesize analyze different evaluated (in adults) possible associated factors. following databases were consulted, as follows: MEDLINE, Web Science, PubMed, Scopus. search terms "epidemiology", "prevalence", "Hashimoto disease" thyroiditis" used. limited articles published between January 1965 October 2024, only English considered. In order reduce selection bias, each article scrutinized using JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist independently two authors. Studies included if number participants (study population cases controls, depending on study design) clearly described duplicate excluded. A total 59 identified, vast majority them used a cross-sectional design, methods assessment. Globally, estimated be 5-10%; some areas with prevalences > 20% < 0.5% identified. Prevalence also higher women than men. Multiple underlying factors (genetic, epigenetic, environmental, lifestyle), together socioeconomic, nutritional, overdiagnosis, inter alia, may explain (at least part) wide variability HT.

Language: Английский

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