BMC Public Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Oct. 12, 2023
Abstract
Background
Spread
worldwide
through
droplets,
the
Virus
Sars-Cov-19
has
caused
a
global
health
emergency
alarm.
In
order
to
limit
its
spread,
use
of
masks
become
part
daily
life
entire
population,
however,
little
is
known
about
constant
and
changes
generated
in
oral
cavity.
This
work
aims
investigate
correlations
between
continuous
covering
nose
mouth
for
3
h
ecological
factors
Methods
34
volunteers
were
divided
into
2
groups:
wear
only
filtering
facepiece
code
(FFP2)
mask
(Group
A)
FFP2
covered
by
surgical
B).
Measurement
Volatile
Organic
Compounds
(VOCs),
saliva
rehydration
consistency
test,
collection
basal
stimulated
with
paraffin
gum
mucosal
swab
collected
analyzed
at
two
times:
before
using
mask(s)
(T
0
)
after
1
).
Results
The
results
indicated
significant
difference
groups,
which
volume
pH
peaks
VOCs
increased
group
B
T
.
time
decreased
increased,
but
no
groups.
Furthermore,
showed
decrease
Candida
albicans
Colony
Forming
Units
(CFUs)
Total
Bacterial
Count
(TBC)
Conclusion
It
concluded
that
prolonged
can
generate
alterations
user.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
37(2)
Published: May 22, 2024
SUMMARYThis
narrative
review
and
meta-analysis
summarizes
a
broad
evidence
base
on
the
benefits-and
also
practicalities,
disbenefits,
harms
personal,
sociocultural
environmental
impacts-of
masks
masking.
Our
synthesis
of
from
over
100
published
reviews
selected
primary
studies,
including
re-analyzing
contested
meta-analyses
key
clinical
trials,
produced
seven
findings.
First,
there
is
strong
consistent
for
airborne
transmission
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
other
pathogens.
Second,
are,
if
correctly
consistently
worn,
effective
in
reducing
diseases
show
dose-response
effect.
Third,
respirators
are
significantly
more
than
medical
or
cloth
masks.
Fourth,
mask
mandates
overall,
community
Fifth,
important
symbols;
non-adherence
to
masking
sometimes
linked
political
ideological
beliefs
widely
circulated
mis-
disinformation.
Sixth,
while
much
that
not
generally
harmful
general
population,
may
be
relatively
contraindicated
individuals
with
certain
conditions,
who
require
exemption.
Furthermore,
groups
(notably
D/deaf
people)
disadvantaged
when
others
masked.
Finally,
risks
environment
single-use
respirators.
We
propose
an
agenda
future
research,
improved
characterization
situations
which
should
recommended
mandated;
attention
comfort
acceptability;
generalized
disability-focused
communication
support
settings
where
worn;
development
testing
novel
materials
designs
filtration,
breathability,
impact.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
275, P. 115858 - 115858
Published: March 26, 2024
From
2020
to
2023
many
people
around
the
world
were
forced
wear
masks
for
large
proportions
of
day
based
on
mandates
and
laws.
We
aimed
study
potential
face
content
release
inanimate
toxins.
Energies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(9), P. 3948 - 3948
Published: May 8, 2023
During
the
COVID-19
pandemic,
more
than
24
billion
pieces
of
surgical
mask
waste
(WM)
were
generated
in
EU
region,
with
an
acute
shortage
their
management
and
recycling.
Pyrolysis
gasification
are
among
most
promising
treatments
that
proposed
to
dispose
WMs
convert
them
into
pyrolysis
oil
hydrogen-rich
syngas.
This
work
aimed
investigate
techno-economic
analysis
(TEA)
both
order
assess
feasibility
scaling
up.
The
TEA
was
carried
out
using
a
discounted
cash
flow
model
its
data
collected
from
practical
experiments
conducted
fluidised
bed
reactor
bubbling
gasifier
system
capacity
0.2
kg/h
1
kg/h,
respectively,
then
upscaling
one
tonne/h.
technological
evaluation
made
based
on
optimal
conditions
could
produce
maximum
amount
(42.3%)
syngas
(89.7%).
These
also
compared
incineration
as
commercial
solution.
payback,
simple
net
present
value
(NPV),
production
cost,
internal
rate
return
(IRR)
main
indicators
used
economic
analysis.
Sensitivity
performed
SimLab
software
help
Monte
Carlo
simulations.
results
showed
cost
variables
estimated
at
45.4
EUR/t
(gate
fee),
71.7
EUR/MWh
(electricity),
30.5
(heat),
356
(oil),
221
(gaseous),
237
(char),
257
(syngas).
Meanwhile,
IRR
(12.51%)
(7.56%)
have
better
performance,
while
can
less
revenue
(1.73%).
Based
results,
it
is
highly
recommended
use
process
treat
WMs,
yielding
higher
revenue.
Frontiers in Nanotechnology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
4
Published: Jan. 6, 2023
COVID-19,
one
of
the
worst-hit
pandemics,
has
quickly
spread
like
fire
across
nations
with
very
high
mortality
rates.
Researchers
all
around
globe
are
making
consistent
efforts
to
address
main
challenges
faced
due
COVID-19
infection
including
prompt
diagnosis
and
therapeutics
reduce
mortality.
Conventional
medical
technology
does
not
effectively
contain
havoc
caused
by
deadly
COVID-19.
This
signals
a
crucial
mandate
for
innovative
novel
interventions
in
diagnostics
combat
this
ongoing
pandemic
counter
its
successor
or
disease
if
it
were
ever
arise.
The
expeditious
solutions
can
spring
from
promising
areas
such
as
nanomedicine
nanotechnology.
Nanomedicine
is
dominant
tool
that
huge
potential
alleviate
burden
providing
nanoparticle-based
vaccines
carriers.
Nanotechnology
encompasses
multidisciplinary
aspects
artificial
intelligence,
chemistry,
biology,
material
science,
physical
medicine.
Nanoparticles
offer
many
advantages
compared
larger
particles,
better
magnetic
properties
multiplied
surface-to-volume
ratio.
Given
this,
present
review
focuses
on
nanomedicine-based
their
utility
control
broad
range
pathogens
viruses,
along
understanding
role
therapy,
diagnosis,
prevention
Various
studies,
reports,
recent
research
development
nanotechnology
perspective
discussed
article.
ACS Omega,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(4), P. 3551 - 3562
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
The
development
of
new
strategies
to
produce
nanomaterials
that
can
be
used
as
personal
protective
equipment
with
antiviral
activity
and
low
toxicity
is
crucial.
Electrospun
ultrathin
fibers
have
attracted
considerable
attention
due
their
potential
for
biomedical
applications,
including
activity.
Herein,
we
electrospun
different
grades
commercially
available
polyamide
investigate
against
SARS-CoV-2
Gamma
lineage
(P.1).
We
evaluated
the
morphology,
chemical
composition,
mechanical
properties
fibers.
also
investigated
in
vitro
cytotoxicity,
hemolytic
activity,
(P.1)
developed
had
following
diameters
elastic
moduli:
(i)
unmodified
crude
(PAP)
0.59
μm
3
MPa,
(ii)
Biotech
(PAAM)
0.74
2.2
(iii)
Amni
Virus-Bac
OFF
(PAVB)
0.69
1.06
MPa.
PAP
showed
increased
compared
other
(PAAM
PAVB).
None
cytotoxicity
at
lowest
concentration
(12.5%).
Additionally,
hemolysis
tests
demonstrated
a
nonhemolytic
profile
all
fiber
groups,
reinforcing
biocompatibility
suitability
applications.
fibers,
combined
noncytotoxic
characteristics,
highlight
protection
SARS-CoV-2.
