The Role of Glial Cell Senescence in Alzheimer's Disease

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Glial cell senescence, characterized by the irreversible arrest of division and a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype, has emerged as critical player in pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease (ad). While much attention been devoted to role neurons ad, growing evidence suggests that glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, contribute significantly progression through senescence. In this review, we explore molecular mechanisms underlying senescence focusing on cellular signaling pathways, DNA damage response accumulation senescence-associated phenotypes (SASP). We also examine how senescent cells exacerbate neuroinflammation, disrupt synaptic function, promote neuronal death ad. Moreover, discuss emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting mitigate neurodegenerative processes By providing comprehensive overview current research disease, review highlights its potential novel target fight against

Language: Английский

---

Physical Exercise Counteracts Aging-Associated White Matter Demyelination Causing Cognitive Decline

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 2136 - 2136

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes wrap around neuronal axons to form myelin, an insulating layer or sheath that allows for efficient conductance of action potentials. addition structural insulation, myelin provides encased with nutrient, metabolic and defensive support. Demyelination, loss, can therefore cause axonal dysfunction, leading neurological impairment disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive white matter demyelination is acknowledged as one earliest pathologies preceding symptom onset. Unfortunately, current pharmacotherapy slowing promoting remyelination in AD nonexistent. Exercise recognized its wide-ranging benefits human health, including improved mental health prevention lifestyle-related diseases. Mounting evidence suggests contribution physical activity delaying progression dementia elderly populations. Recent mechanistic studies have shown exercise facilitates myelination brain through vitalization intrinsic pro-myelination cues, such increased neurotrophic factors electrical activity. this review, we summarize discuss potential on counteracting aging-associated demyelination, which causes cognitive decline AD. We highlight need further basic clinical research investigations topic establish novel approaches healthy aging.

Language: Английский

---

The Role of Exercise on Glial Cell Activity in Neuropathic Pain Management

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 487 - 487

Published: March 24, 2025

Chronic pain is a widespread global health problem with profound socioeconomic implications, affecting millions of people all ages. Glial cells (GCs) in pathways play essential roles the processing signals. Dysregulation GC activity contributes to chronic states, making them targets for therapeutic interventions. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as exercise, are strongly recommended effective management. This review examines link between regular physical (PA), and glial cell-mediated processing, highlighting its potential strategy managing pain. Exercise not only improves overall quality life but also influences function GCs. Recent research highlights ability exercise mitigate neuroinflammatory responses modulate GCs by reducing activation microglia astrocytes, well modulating expression biomarkers, thereby attenuating hypersensitivity. Here, we summarize new insights into role non-pharmacological intervention relief

Language: Английский

---

APOEε4 alters ApoE and Fabp7 in frontal cortex white matter in prodromal Alzheimer's disease

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

The ApoE ε4 allele (APOEε4) is a major genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and linked to demyelination cognitive decline. However, its effects on the lipid transporters apolipoprotein E (ApoE) fatty acid-binding protein 7 (Fabp7), which are crucial maintenance of myelin in white matter (WM) during progression AD remain underexplored. To evaluate APOEε4 ApoE, Fabp7 WM frontal cortex (FC), we examined individuals carrying one that came autopsy with premortem clinical diagnosis no impairment (NCI), mild (MCI) moderate compared non-carrier counterparts. Olig2 immunostaining was used visualize cells, whereas basic (MBP) immunocytochemistry luxol fast blue (LFB) histochemistry FC were combined quantitative morphometry. We observed increased numbers ApoE-positive astrocytes both NCI MCI carriers non-carriers, Fabp7-positive cells elevated only AD. Conversely, cell counts MBP decreased while LFB levels higher non-carriers. Although correlations found between Fabp7, status, measurements positively correlated perceptual speed, global cognition, visuospatial scores across groups. present findings suggest compromises homeostasis by disrupting myelination early onset These data support targeting cellular components related integrity as possible treatments

Language: Английский

---

Moderate-Intensity Treadmill Exercise Regulates GSK3α/β Activity in the Cortex and Hippocampus of APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(7)

Published: July 23, 2024

Background: Physical exercise has been shown to be beneficial for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Methods: Six-month-old Amyloid precursor protein/Presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic (Tg) mice and wild-type (Wt) were randomly assigned either a sedentary group (Tg-Sed, Wt-Sed) or an (Tg-Ex, Wt-Ex) undertaking 12-week, moderate-intensity treadmill running program. Consequently, all tested memory function amyloid β (Aβ) levels phosphorylation of tau protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) examined in tissues both cortex hippocampus. Results: Tg-Sed had severely impaired memory, higher Aβ, increased tau, GSK3α tyrosine279, GSK3β tyrosine216, but less serine21, serine9, Akt serine473 than Wt-Sed respective tissues. Tg-Ex showed significant improvement along lower Aβ (both tissues), tyrosine279 tyrosine216 (hippocampus only), serine21 serine9 tissues) compared Conclusions: Moderate-intensity aerobic is highly effective improving 9-month-old APP/PS1 mice, most likely through differential modulation GSK3α/β

Language: Английский

---

Aerobic Exercise Improves the Overall Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among People With Mental Disorders

Depression and Anxiety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The escalating global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mental disorder (MD) including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive anxiety highlights the urgency for comprehensive therapeutic strategies. Aerobic exercise (AE) is a viable adjunct therapy, providing significant benefits individuals dealing with both T2DM MD. This review consolidates evidence on AE's role in alleviating physiological psychological effects these comorbid conditions. It delves into pathophysiological connections between various MD, depression, anxiety, disorder-emphasizing their reciprocal exacerbation. Key neurophysiological mechanisms through which AE confers are explored, neuroinflammation modulation, brain structure neuroplasticity enhancement, growth factor expression regulation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)/microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis normalization. Clinical results indicate that significantly improves metabolic parameters patients substantial argument integrating treatment plans. Future research should aim to establish detailed, personalized prescriptions explore long-term this population. underscores potential complement existing modalities enhance management

Language: Английский

---