Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 26(13), P. 3005 - 3035

Published: Nov. 4, 2017

Language: Английский

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Canopy space filling and tree crown morphology in mixed-species stands compared with monocultures

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 327, P. 251 - 264

Published: June 9, 2014

Mixed-species forest stands are well explored in their favourable ecological, economical, and socio-economical functions services compared with pure stands, but still poorly understood structure functioning. Canopy tree morphology affect the environmental conditions within stand, growth, by this most services. Here, I review how canopy crown mixed can differ from depends on selection of species interactions between them. The focus is macrostructure crowns derived trees' positions, convex hulls, space filling branches. In canopies sum projection area, not ground coverage crowns, mostly exceeds due to multiple overlaps. interspecific differences shape allometric scaling cause a 'selection effect' when complementary combined. environment furthermore 'true mixing effects' like intraspecific shifts size, shape, inner may occur. much denser more plastic increase light interception, stand density, productivity, growth resilience disturbances. discuss relevance for management, model building, theory development draw perspectives further research into structure.

Language: Английский

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A Review of Processes Behind Diversity—Productivity Relationships in Forests

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 45 - 61

Published: Feb. 3, 2016

Language: Английский

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Mixed-species versus monocultures in plantation forestry: Development, benefits, ecosystem services and perspectives for the future

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15, P. e00419 - e00419

Published: July 1, 2018

Plantation forests are increasing rapidly in the world order to alleviate deforestation and degradation of natural forests, along with providing various goods services. While monoculture plantations have been dominant type plantation practice well-recorded research, face intensifying climate change resource scarcity, there is a growing interest mixed-species plantations. Agroforestry systems also catching attention foresters, smallholders landowners. However, relatively limited number studies on successful species mixtures. This paper first reviews progression monocultures mixed-species, followed by comparisons advantages, disadvantages effects surrounding ecosystems between these two types The further investigates combinations complementary traits for efficient use limiting resources associated improvement growth development production tree species, as well examining some other challenges mixed-species. In addition, it helpful select combine tree/crop mixtures based that maximise positive minimise negative interactions using advance molecular technologies genetic analysis. With careful design proper management, two, three or four can be more productive advantages biodiversity, economy forest health over monocultures. Many researchers still working different projects explore potential benefits promote applications agroforestry.

Language: Английский

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Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(1), P. 50 - 66

Published: June 15, 2018

Contents Summary 50 I. Introduction II. Drivers of the diversity-productivity relationship 51 III. Patterns 55 IV. Responses mixed stands to climate change 57 V. Conclusions 60 Acknowledgements 61 References SUMMARY: Although between species diversity and biomass productivity has been extensively studied in grasslands, impact tree on forest productivity, as well main drivers this relationship, are still under discussion. It is widely accepted that magnitude stand context specific depends environmental conditions, but underlying mechanisms not fully understood. Competition reduction facilitation have identified key driving relationship. However, contrasting results reported with respect extent which competition determine They appear depend regional climate, soil fertility, functional involved, developmental stage forest. The purpose review summarize current knowledge suggest a conceptual framework explain various processes leading higher species-rich forests compared average yields their respective monocultures. This provides three pathways for possible development changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Suitability of close-to-nature silviculture for adapting temperate European forests to climate change

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 87(4), P. 492 - 503

Published: May 20, 2014

In many parts of Europe, close-to-nature silviculture (CNS) has been widely advocated as being the best approach for managing forests to cope with future climate change. this review, we identify and evaluate six principles enhancing adaptive capacity European temperate in a changing climate: (1) increase tree species richness, (2) structural diversity, (3) maintain genetic variation within species, (4) resistance individual trees biotic abiotic stress, (5) replace high-risk stands (6) keep average growing stocks low. We use these examine how three CNS systems (single-tree selection, group selection shelterwood) serve adaptation strategies. Many attributes can climate. promotes diversity stressors, be kept at low levels. However, some deficiencies exist relation increasing maintaining variation, replacing stands. To address shortcomings, should make increased range regeneration methods, order promote light-demanding non-native non-local provenances.

Language: Английский

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Growth and yield of mixed versus pure stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) analysed along a productivity gradient through Europe

European Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 134(5), P. 927 - 947

Published: July 22, 2015

Mixing of complementary tree species may increase stand productivity, mitigate the effects drought and other risks, pave way to forest production systems which be more resource-use efficient stable in face climate change. However, systematic empirical studies on mixing are still missing for many commercially important widespread combinations. Here we studied growth Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) European beech (Fagus sylvatica mixed versus pure stands 32 triplets located along a productivity gradient through Europe, reaching from Sweden Bulgaria Spain Ukraine. Stand inventory taking increment cores mainly 60–80 year-old trees 0.02–1.55 ha sized, fully stocked plots provided insight how modifies structure, dynamics compared with neighbouring stands. In mixture standing volume (+12 %), density (+20 basal area (+8 %) were higher than weighted mean contributed rather equally overyielding overdensity. diameter height (+6 was ahead, while both behind (−8 %). The overdensity independent site index, yield, climatic variables despite wide variation precipitation (520–1175 mm year−1), annual temperature (6–10.5 °C), index by de Martonne (28–61 °C−1) sites. Therefore, this combination is potentially useful increasing across range conditions. Given significant but absence any relationship variables, hypothesize that results several different types interactions (light-, water-, nutrient-related) all circumstances. We discuss relevance ecological theory ongoing silvicultural transition their adaptation

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relations in European forests depend on environmental context

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(11), P. 1414 - 1426

Published: Sept. 18, 2017

Abstract The importance of biodiversity in supporting ecosystem functioning is generally well accepted. However, most evidence comes from small‐scale studies, and scaling‐up patterns biodiversity–ecosystem (B‐EF) remains challenging, part because the environmental factors shaping B‐EF relations poorly understood. Using a forest research platform which 26 functions were measured along gradients tree species richness six regions across Europe, we investigated extent potential drivers context dependency relations. Despite considerable variation effects continent, found tendency for stronger drier climates as areas with longer growing seasons more functionally diverse species. water availability driving suggests that limitation increases under climate change, may become even important to support high levels European forests.

Language: Английский

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Stabilizing effects of diversity on aboveground wood production in forest ecosystems: linking patterns and processes

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 1560 - 1569

Published: Oct. 13, 2014

Abstract Both theory and evidence suggest that diversity stabilises productivity in herbaceous plant communities through a combination of overyielding, species asynchrony favourable interactions. However, whether these same processes also promote stability forest ecosystems has never been tested. Using tree ring data from permanent plots across Europe, we show aboveground wood production is inherently more stable time mixed‐species forests. Faster rates (i.e. overyielding), decreased year‐to‐year variation asynchronous responses to climate, greater temporal the growth individual all contributed strongly stabilising mixed stands. Together, findings reveal central role forests, bring us closer understanding which enable diverse forests remain productive under wide range environmental conditions.

Language: Английский

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Structural diversity promotes productivity of mixed, uneven-aged forests in southwestern Germany

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 182(2), P. 319 - 333

Published: April 8, 2016

Language: Английский

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