Forest microclimates and climate change: Importance, drivers and future research agenda

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 2279 - 2297

Published: March 16, 2021

Abstract Forest microclimates contrast strongly with the climate outside forests. To fully understand and better predict how forests' biodiversity functions relate to change, need be integrated into ecological research. Despite potentially broad impact of on response forest ecosystems global our understanding within below tree canopies modulate biotic responses change at species, community ecosystem level is still limited. Here, we review spatial temporal variation in result from an interplay features, local water balance, topography landscape composition. We first stress exemplify importance considering across landscapes. Next, explain macroclimate warming (of free atmosphere) can affect microclimates, vice versa, via interactions land‐use changes different biomes. Finally, perform a priority ranking future research avenues interface microclimate ecology biology, specific focus three key themes: (1) disentangling abiotic drivers feedbacks microclimates; (2) regional mapping predictions (3) impacts functioning face change. The availability microclimatic data will significantly increase coming decades, characterizing variability unprecedented scales relevant biological processes This revolutionize dynamics, implications functions, changes. In order support sustainable use forests secure their services for generations, cannot ignored.

Language: Английский

---

Potential of forest thinning to mitigate drought stress: A meta-analysis

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 380, P. 261 - 273

Published: Sept. 14, 2016

Language: Английский

---

Mapping the forest disturbance regimes of Europe

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 63 - 70

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest management - what limits global adoption?

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: April 8, 2015

The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This “conventional” forest approach typically favored production even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative regimes have generally received less attention, this been changing three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for change include combination new information concerns about ecological consequences practices willingness part many owners society to embrace wider set objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by fundamental principles, including avoidance clearcutting, an emphasis structural diversity small-scale variability, deployment mixed species natural regeneration, site-preparation methods. Our compilation authors’ experiences perspectives from various parts world aims initiate larger discussion concerning constraints potential adopting practices. results suggest that adoption is currently hindered suite ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations relative significance these constraints, accordingly, targeted efforts, such regulations incentives, may help overcome specific challenges. In broader context, we propose emphases strict applications principles stand structures might provide additional flexibility facilitate circumstances. At same time, acceptance systems “preferred or default mode management” will necessitate benefit continued basis valuation variety ecosystem goods services. publication aimed further context.

Language: Английский

---

Canopy mortality has doubled in Europe’s temperate forests over the last three decades

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2018

Mortality is a key indicator of forest health, and increasing mortality can serve as bellwether for the impacts global change on ecosystems. Here we analyze trends in canopy between 1984 2016 over more than 30 Mill. ha temperate forests Europe, based unique dataset 24,000 visually interpreted spectral trajectories from Landsat archive. On average, 0.79% area was affected by natural or human-induced annually. Canopy increased +2.40% year-1, doubling since 1984. Areas experiencing low-severity strongly areas stand-replacing events. Changes climate land-use are likely causes large-scale increase. Our findings reveal profound changes recent dynamics with important implications carbon storage biodiversity conservation, highlighting importance improved monitoring mortality.

Language: Английский

---

Forest health in a changing world: effects of globalization and climate change on forest insect and pathogen impacts

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 89(3), P. 245 - 252

Published: March 22, 2016

Forests and trees throughout the world are increasingly affected by factors related to global change. Expanding international trade has facilitated invasions of numerous insects pathogens into new regions. Many these have caused substantial forest damage, economic impacts losses ecosystem goods services provided trees. Climate change is already affecting geographic distribution host their associated pathogens, with anticipated increases in pest both native invasive pests. Although climate will benefit many insects, changes thermal conditions may disrupt evolved life history traits cause phenological mismatches. Individually, threats posed ecosystems pests serious. interactions between two drivers outcomes poorly understood hence difficult predict, it clear that cumulative on be exacerbated. Here we introduce synthesize information this special issue Forestry articles illustrate change, management interactions, as well methods assess mitigate impacts. Most contributions were presented at XXIV IUFRO World Congress 2014.

Language: Английский

---

Functional traits and adaptive capacity of European forests to climate change

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 111, P. 91 - 113

Published: Nov. 11, 2014

Language: Английский

---

Linking forest growth with stand structure: Tree size inequality, tree growth or resource partitioning and the asymmetry of competition

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 447, P. 139 - 157

Published: May 30, 2019

Language: Английский

---

A walk on the wild side: Disturbance dynamics and the conservation and management of European mountain forest ecosystems

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 388, P. 120 - 131

Published: Sept. 9, 2016

Language: Английский

---

Shifting the conservation paradigm: a synthesis of options for renovating nature under climate change

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 89(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2018

Abstract Changes in Earth's climate are accelerating, prompting increasing calls to ensure that investments ecological restoration and nature conservation accommodate such changes. To acknowledge this need, we propose the term “ecological renovation” describe management actions actively allow for environmental change. evaluate progress development of renovation related intervention options a change context, reviewed literature established typology have been proposed. We explored how these address emerging principles underpinning climate‐adapted goals whether balance approaches reflected our is likely be sufficient given expected rapid rates Our recognizes matrix 23 option types arranged on basis mechanisms (“ameliorate changing conditions” or “build adaptive capacity”) one axis, tools used manipulate them (“low regrets” “climate targeted”) other. Despite burgeoning since 2008, found majority effort has consistently focused low‐regrets adaptation aim build capacity. This many ways desirable, but paradigm shift enabling greater attention climate‐targeted needed as accelerates. When assessed against five setting climate, only type could deliver all five, identified conflict between “wildness” values deeper evaluation. Importantly, much inference 473 studies was drawn from reasoning modeling, with 16% offering new empirical evidence. also noted significant biases toward North America Europe, forest ecosystems, trees, vertebrates. limitations help humans “renovators” rather than “restorers” prior world, researchers contribute by (1) informing societal discourse adapting change, (2) adjusting upscaling planning suite goals, (3) reconceptualizing experimental increase evidence expedite innovation

Language: Английский

---