How does management affect soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas fluxes in boreal and temperate forests? – A review

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 529, P. 120637 - 120637

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

The global forest carbon (C) stock is estimated at 662 Gt of which 45% in soil organic matter. Thus, comprehensive understanding the effects management practices on C and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes needed for development effective forest-based climate change mitigation strategies. To improve this understanding, we synthesized peer-reviewed literature that can mitigate by increasing stocks reducing GHG emissions. We further identified processes affect balance discussed how models represent inventories scenario analyses to address potential. Forest depend strongly specific practice land type. Intensive timber harvesting with removal harvest residues/stumps results a reduction stock, while high stocking density enhanced productivity fertilization or dominance coniferous species increase stock. Nitrogen increases N2O emissions decreasing CH4 sink. Peatland hydrology major driver peatland forests, lower water level corresponding higher CO2 Furthermore, warming potential all (CO2, N2O) together be ten-fold after clear-cutting than peatlands standing trees. soils, as modelling approaches, accounts stand biomass driven factors decomposition rate. A future challenge account preparation other affects changing temperature, moisture, nutrient balance, microbial community structure processes, oxygen concentration models. recommend monitoring focus linking stabilization functioning microbiota.

Language: Английский

---

Vegetation controls of water and energy balance of a drained peatland forest: Responses to alternative harvesting practices

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 295, P. 108198 - 108198

Published: Sept. 29, 2020

We quantified the response of peatland water table level (WTL) and energy fluxes to harvesting a drained forest. Two alternative harvests (clear-cut partial harvest) were carried out in mixed-species ditch-drained forest southern Finland, where balance components monitored for six pre-treatment three post-treatment growing seasons. To explore responses caused by harvestings, we applied mechanistic multi-layer soil-plant-atmosphere transfer model. At clear-cut site, mean season WTL rose 0.18 ± 0.02 m (error estimate based on measurement uncertainty), while net radiation, sensible latent heat decreased after harvest. On contrary, observed only minor changes (0.05 0.03 increase) at harvest although as much 70% stand basal area was removed leaf-area index reduced half. The small mainly explained increased use spruce undergrowth field layer vegetation, well floor evaporation. rapid establishment vegetation had significant role recovery site. harvest, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements model-data comparison suggested shade-adapted suffering from light stress during first post-harvest season. conclude that addition area, species composition structure need be considered when controlling forests with harvesting. Our results have important implications operational continuous cover forestry peatlands. A continuously maintained tree evapotranspiration capacity could enable optimizing both growth environmental perspectives.

Language: Английский

---

Sectoral policies cause incoherence in forest management and ecosystem service provisioning

Forest Policy and Economics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 102689 - 102689

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Various national policies guide forest use, but often with competing policy objectives leading to divergent management paradigms. Incoherent may negatively impact the sustainable provision of ecosystem services (FES), and multifunctionality. There is uncertainty among policymakers about impacts on real world. We translated documents Finland into scenarios including quantitative demands for FES, representing: strategy (NFS), biodiversity (BDS), bioeconomy (BES). simulated a Finland-wide systematic sample stands alternative regimes climate change. Finally, we used multi-objective optimization identify combination matching best each scenario analysed their long-term effects FES. The NFS proved be most multifunctional, targeting highest number while BES had lowest FES targets. However, was strongly oriented towards value chain wood bioenergy dominating economic growth target, which caused strong within-policy conflicts hindered reaching BDS were instead more consistent showed either sustainability gaps in terms providing timber resources (BDS) or no improvements All resulted programs dominated by continuous cover forestry, set-aside areas, intensive zones, proportions depending focus. Our results highlight first time sectoral requirements outcomes provide leverage points increase coherence future improve implementation multiple uses forests.

Language: Английский

---

A review of long-term change in surface water natural organic matter concentration in the northern hemisphere and the implications for drinking water treatment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 858, P. 159699 - 159699

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Reduced atmospheric acid deposition has given rise to recovery from acidification – defined as increasing pH, neutralization capacity (ANC), or alkalinity in surface waters. Strong evidence of been reported across North America and Europe, driving chemical responses. The primary responses identified this review were concentration changing character natural organic matter (NOM) towards predominantly hydrophobic nature. NOM also influenced trace metal cycling many browning waters increases Fe Al. Further, climate change other factors (e.g., land use) act concert with reductions contribute widespread will have a more pronounced effect stabilizes. observed water quality trends presented challenges for drinking treatment increased dosing, poor filter operations, formation disinfection by-products) facilities may be under designed result. This comprehensive key research areas addressed, including 1) need monitoring programs larger timescales; consistency measurements) assess impacts on dynamics, 2) better understanding vulnerabilities the transition robust technologies solutions that can adapt drivers quality.

Language: Английский

---

Partial cutting of a boreal nutrient-rich peatland forest causes radically less short-term on-site CO2 emissions than clear-cutting

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 332, P. 109361 - 109361

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Wide-spread harvesting of forests growing on drained peatlands is foreseen to take place in Finland the near future. A hot question if continuous cover forestry utilizing partial cuttings could be used mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and consequent climatic impact compared traditional clear-cutting even-aged forest management. To assess vs. cutting, we first measured CO2 exchange with eddy covariance (EC) method for six years a mature, nutrient-rich peatland southern Finland. Part was then partially cut (74% stem volume), part it clear-cut, both areas another years. Tree growth recorded before after separate contributions tree stand floor exchange. Before cuttings, site had an annual close zero, but cutting methods turned into source. However, first-year from area (800 g m−2 yr−1) were markedly lower than (3100 yr−1). The remained source during three sink that, while clear-cut acted as large, although diminishing, whole measurement period. total six-year balances did not differ significantly, average 2240 yr−1 larger it. Combining EC data measurements showed that losing C harvestings. In conclusion, resulted clearly smaller at least short term.

Language: Английский

---

Reviewing peatland forestry: Implications and mitigation measures for freshwater ecosystem browning

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 531, P. 120776 - 120776

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Freshwaters of the boreal and temperate regions have experienced increased browning during last decades. Browning, or brownification, is mostly driven by organic carbon (OC) iron concentrations. It can cause detrimental changes in aquatic ecosystems through effects on chemistry, physics ecology. Additionally, impact greenhouse gas emissions, increase costs drinking water treatment weaken recreational value bodies. All these impacts call for means to mitigate excess export humic matter ecosystems. Browning has often been associated with decreased atmospheric sulphur deposition climate change-induced alterations temperature, vegetation hydrological regime catchments. Lately, it attributed land use, especially drainage peatlands forestry purposes afforestation. In this review, we evaluate peatland operations OC leaching assess possible mitigation measures. We reveal that traditional, even-aged forest management clear felling, site preparation ditch cleaning creates hot spots moments carbon-rich runoff due fluctuations hydrology, peat decomposition exposure. Simultaneously, most current protection measures are either ineffective ambiguous retaining OC, a dissolved form. Hence, practices prevent future reduce connectivity essential negative quality impacts. conclude systemic change would be needed formation loading leaching. More research needed, but seems transition towards more natural diverse abundantly applied continuous cover forestry, mixed improved catchment retention restoration could result fewer undesirable Protecting biodiversity counteracting requires integration updated into policies guidelines, as green shift bioeconomy will create an increasing demand sustainable use forests.

Language: Английский

---

Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for production forests: Trade-offs, synergies, and uncertainties in biodiversity and ecosystem services delivery in Northern Europe

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 1 - 16

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies (CCAMS) are changes to the management of production forests motivated by need mitigate climate change, or adapt risks. Sweden is employing CCAMS with unclear implications for biodiversity forest ecosystem services (ES). Here, we synthesized evidence from 51 published scientific reviews, evaluate potential a range provisioning, regulating, cultural ES, adoption relative standard forestry practice. The assessed were (i) mixed-species stands, (ii) continuous cover forestry, (iii) altered rotation lengths, (iv) conversion introduced tree species, (v) logging residue extraction, (vi) stand fertilization, (vii) ditching/draining practices. We highlight complexity ES outcomes, identify knowledge gaps, emphasize importance evidence-based decision making landscape-scale planning when navigating choices involving widespread CCAMS.

Language: Английский

---

Selection Cuttings as a Tool to Control Water Table Level in Boreal Drained Peatland Forests

Frontiers in Earth Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 9, 2020

Continuous cover management on peatland forests has gained interest in recent years, part because the tree biomass with significant evapotranspiration capacity retained selection cuttings could be used as a tool to optimize site water table level (WTL) from both growth and environmental perspectives. This study reports WTL responses six field trials established fertile Norway-spruce-dominated drained across Finland. At each site, replicates of different intensity (removing 17–74% stand basal area) or clear-cut parallel intact control stands were monitored for 2–5 post-harvest years. Observed rose after response increased harvest depended reference WTL, i.e. larger found during dry summers more southern location. Selection removing about 50% area raised typically by 15–40%. Using process-based ecohydrological model, tested against data trials, we show that role controlling clearly decreases along latitudinal climate gradient suggests potential using is prominent compared northern Predictions future (2070–2099) further indicated general decrease importance will increase especially The results overall thus suggest can boreal forests, likely climate.

Language: Английский

---

Streams and riparian forests depend on each other: A review with a special focus on microbes

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 462, P. 117962 - 117962

Published: Feb. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Forest owners' future intentions for forest management

Forest Policy and Economics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 118, P. 102220 - 102220

Published: June 7, 2020

Language: Английский

---