Associations Between Built Environment Factors and SARS-CoV-2 Infections at the Neighbourhood Level in a Metropolitan Area in Germany

Journal of Urban Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 100(1), P. 40 - 50

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

COVID-19-related health outcomes displayed distinct geographical patterns within countries. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 requires close spatial proximity people, which can be influenced by the built environment. Only few studies have analysed infections related to environment urban areas at a high resolution. This study examined association between factors and in metropolitan area Germany. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed 7866 citizens Essen March 2020 May 2021 were analysed, aggregated neighbourhood level. We performed regression analyses investigate associations cumulative number per 1000 inhabitants (cum. infections) up 31.05.2021 factors. cum. neighbourhoods (median: 11.5, IQR: 8.1-16.9) followed marked socially determined north-south gradient. effect estimates adjusted models showed negative with greenness, i.e. normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (adjusted β = - 35.36, 95% CI: 57.68; 13.04), rooms person (- 10.40, 13.79; 7.01), living space 0.51, 0.66; 0.36), residential 0.07, 0.16; 0.01) commercial 0.15, 0.25; 0.05). Residential multi-storey buildings 0.03, 0.12; 0.06) green (0.03, 0.05; 0.11) did not show substantial association. Our results suggest that matters for spread infections, such as more spacious apartments or higher levels greenness are associated lower infection rates unequal intra-urban distribution these emphasizes prevailing environmental inequalities regarding COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Structural Evolution of Global Soybean Trade Network and the Implications to China

Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1550 - 1550

Published: April 6, 2023

China experiences a serious shortage of soybean supplies and relies heavily on international trade with high vulnerability large uncertainty, which maybe sows food security risks. It is great significance to analyze the structural evolution global network its implications for ensuring security. This paper constructed (GSTN) analyzed evolutionary characteristics GSTN from 2000 2020 using complex analysis method simulated impact targeted destruction through scenario analysis. The results showed that was gradually exhibiting small word scale-free property. exporter dominated by some major soybean-producing countries in America. US played an important role maintaining GSTN’s robustness. world’s largest importer; unfortunately, imports relied few countries, anti-interference ability China’s tended decline. Therefore, increasingly vulnerable being tightly controlled other when uncertain factors occurred, such as frictions changes policy decisions importing exporting countries. Brazil were key significant ties China. To assess two trade, used destroying them network. Targeted indicated roles trade. positive control flows, while did not. Some policies production proposed. A balance between domestic import needed. Optimizing system seeking more partners crucial. Improving self-sufficiency fundamental way reduce high-import dependence. study provided insights coping market fluctuations improving sustainability

Language: Английский

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Diversification strategies have a stabilizing effect for income and food availability during livelihood shocks: Evidence from small-scale aquaculture-agriculture systems in Myanmar during the COVID-19 pandemic

Agricultural Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 217, P. 103935 - 103935

Published: March 21, 2024

Diversification is an important strategy used by millions of small-scale food producers globally to improve yields, farm profitability, and security. can also enable cope better with livelihood shocks. However, it not always clear through which pathways diversification practices stabilize livelihoods security in production systems, especially the context recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this study we examined whether how stabilized income availability systems during The explored included fish polyculture integrated aquaculture-agriculture (IAA), their combination. We compared employing different combinations these strategies, that did contain them. analyzed 300 surveys aquaculture Myanmar. Structural equation modeling was applied examine multivariate relationships between adoption among producers, pandemic find integration (SSAA) had generally positive effects for stabilization income, or both novelty unraveling differentiated models enabled processes emerge. major divergences potential IAA, terms magnitudes pathways. Polyculture offered more significant stabilizing than IAA. Surprisingly highest came purchase items from extra fish/crop rather increased self-consumption. Overall, SSAA combining could form proactive strategies help

Language: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 on the food security and identifying the compromised food security dimension: A systematic review protocol

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. e0272859 - e0272859

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Food security is substantially affected directly by COVID-19 and/or indirectly the measures adopted for prevention of transmission. The aim this systematic review to summarize impact on food and identify most compromised dimension ease regulators actors' intervention prioritisation.

Language: Английский

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Smallholder Farming during COVID-19: A Systematic Review Concerning Impacts, Adaptations, Barriers, Policy, and Planning for Future Pandemics

Land, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 404 - 404

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Our broad aim was to systematically analyse research on the effect of COVID-19 smallholder farming during 2019–2021 and discuss how could be beneficial farm resilience future pandemics. The review methods were based PRISMA guidelines, 53 articles included in final review. aims document social-economic impacts different groups, barriers opportunities farmers adapting COVID, policy options. Barriers adaptations considered only 15% journal articles, suggesting a gap. This highlights fact that, among others, technology access ensure information crisis communication that specifically targets smallholders, as well multi-layered diversification, serves good predictors adaptation COVID-19. Multi-layered diversification includes product market income stream diversification. confirms established knowledge disasters livelihood studies where livelihoods portfolio key factor against shocks crisis. Finally, we summarised implications arising from literature. implies governments must develop an effective policy-mix leaves no behind

Language: Английский

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Agricultural production and food security implications of Covid-19 disruption on small-scale farmer households: Lessons from Kenya

World Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 173, P. 106405 - 106405

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

A range of studies have highlighted the negative impacts Covid-19 disruptions on incomes, food and nutrition security among rural agricultural communities in developing countries. However, knowledge how such affect different categories small-scale farmers Sub-Sahara Africa is lacking. We used a mixed-method approach to collect data determine farm input use, production, access information services, from Makueni, Nakuru, Siaya, Kakamega, Bungoma counties Kenya. FAO-adapted household typology was developed with type 3 (wealthiest), 2 (resource-constrained) 1 (most resource-constrained) farmer categories. related led decreased use improved seeds, fertilizers extension services across three Farm recorded lowest disruption driven reduction seeds fertilizers, compared 1. Contrariwise, increased manure application rates by 33%, manure-associated expenditure rising 129% all counties. Average crop incomes five study counties, i.e., Nakuru strongest decrease observed households. lower proportion were worried about not having enough (43% farmers) (70%) (71%) Counties. The sale assets livestock commonly as measures for wealth implies that leave vulnerable poorer hungrier. findings propose policy strategies are needed recognize heterogenous effects provide targeted interventions types most future agrifood system.

Language: Английский

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Food insecurity and dietary diversity among food aid recipients in urban and rural areas at the covid‐19 outbreak: An exploratory study

World Food Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 33 - 47

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract The covid‐19 pandemic has affected food aid. This paper reports an exploratory study to estimate the prevalence and degree of insecurity, household dietary diversity score (HDDS), association with demographic, social, economic characteristics health status in a sample aid recipients urban rural areas Catalonia, Spain. Cross‐sectional data on diversity, income, health, sociodemographic were obtained from survey taken at seven different distribution points locations. Sixty‐six percent participants identified as new users since crisis. Only 12.5% lived households where all adults unemployed, 44.8% employed. Almost third (32.3%) reported having someone their who suffered diet‐related illness or disease. severe insecurity was 52.1%, followed by 28.1% suffering moderate insecurity. New due showed significantly higher No significant differences found terms HDDS. provides evidence that much gap is related children considering areas.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of City Life on Nutrition: Evidence From Resettlement Lotteries in China

Health Economics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

ABSTRACT Urban environments are thought to improve food security, by offering enhanced access markets and income opportunities. Yet this idea is hard test empirically due an abundance of confounding factors selection issues. This study leverages a resettlement program in China provide the first quasi‐experimental estimate city life on consumption nutrition among low‐income households. Lottery‐determined timing enables causal inference. We base our empirics 3‐year panel range difference‐in‐differences matching methodologies. find that those who were resettled towns significantly increased both diet variety, with intake several macro‐ micro‐nutrients. Diet quality mostly improved, but we also found signs over‐consumption, notably carbohydrates. Our evidence further suggests impacts primarily improved market access. stands contrast recent literature finds little or no effect living consumption. Instead, reveal significant impact urban shaping diets, bolstering notion supply‐side channels do matter some contexts.

Language: Английский

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Examining changes in spending during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from household level data in the Philippines

Review of Economics of the Household, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Did COVID-19 affect rural households’ subjective well-being? A social survey from rural China

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 103736 - 103736

Published: May 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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