Quantitative analysis of Δ8- and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites and isomers: a rapid assay in urine by LC-MS/MS

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Incomplete Decarboxylation of Acidic Cannabinoids in GC-MS Leads to Underestimation of the Total Cannabinoid Content in Cannabis Oils Without Derivatization

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 334 - 334

Published: March 5, 2025

Background: Cannabis oil titration consists of quantification the acidic precursors tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic (CBDA) their decarboxylated products, active neutral cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) cannabidiol (CBD), is recommended to ensure galenic preparation quality through gas liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS; LC-MS). Analyses by LC-MS GC-MS involving derivatization allow for detection cannabinoids; on contrary, without determines only due high temperature-decarboxylation occurring in injection system. However, it not clear if decarboxylation complete. Methods: Different methods (BSTFA: TMCS pyridine; incubation at 60 °C 25 min) or an method were developed cannabinoid quantification. The total Δ9-THC CBD yield recovery compared between testing laboratory samples known concentrations THCA CBDA (total CBD: 175–351–702 ng/mL) real cannabis (n = 6). Results: determined using derivatization, but (decarboxylation conversion rate about 50–60%). No deviation (<10%) was noticed, probably low content forms original preparation. Conclusions: This study raised awareness potential underestimation oils when performed derivatization. advice pharmacists perform complete convert all cannabinoids.

Language: Английский

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New Analytical Screening Method for Fast Classification of Hemp Oil Based on THC Content

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

This study presents a novel analytical approach for classifying commercial hemp oil samples according to their Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content, employing mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms. A total of 204 samples, THC concentrations ranging from 0.0% 16.6% w/w, were analyzed. Partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed classification purposes. Two models developed based on international regulatory thresholds: model A, which classifies exceeding 0.2% and B, designed classify those levels above 0.3% w/w. Both demonstrated good performance, achieving accuracy values higher than 88.50%. Notably, B reduced false negatives, improving sensitivity (STR) 93.75% 98.31% the training set 77.27% 95.00% test set, compared A. offers viable alternative conventional laboratory methods by eliminating complex sample preparation steps enabling simple rapid screening.

Language: Английский

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Fluorescence-based sensors for detection of illicit drugs

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 183 - 205

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Comparative Study of Gas and Liquid Chromatography Methods for the Determination of Underivatised Neutral and Acidic Cannabinoids and Cholesterol

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 2165 - 2165

Published: May 7, 2024

The aim of our study was to develop a gas chromatographic method coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination underivatised neutral (CBDs-N) and acidic (CBDs-A) cannabinoids (CBDs) cholesterol (Chol). Emphasis also placed on comparing original GC-MS currently developed C18-high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode detection (C18-HPLC-DAD). A combination long GC column, shallow temperature column programme, mass-spectrometry employed avoid issues arising from overlap between CBDs Chol background fluctuations. pre-column procedure in egg yolks consisted hexane extractions, whereas non-animal samples involved methanol extractions. CBDs-A underwent decarboxylation during analyses, extraction processed sample NaOH solution allowed CBD-A removal. No losses CBDs-N were observed extracted solution. analyses before after enabled quantification CBDs-N. did not undergo C18-HPLC-DAD runs. use simultaneous CBDs-A. In comparison method, technique offered improved sensitivity, precision, specificity, satisfactory separation biological materials endogenous species, especially hemp hen yolk. scientific novelty present is application quantifying CBDs-A, CBDs-N, interest.

Language: Английский

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Characterisation of Cannabis-Based Products Marketed for Medical and Non-Medical Use Purchased in Portugal

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(12), P. 2737 - 2737

Published: June 8, 2024

Cannabis-based products have gained attention in recent years for their perceived therapeutic benefits (with cannabinoids such as THC and CBD) widespread availability. However, these often lack accurate labelling regarding cannabinoid content. Our study, conducted with available Portugal, revealed significant discrepancies between label claims actual compositions. A fully validated method was developed the characterisation of different acquired from pharmacies street shops (beverages, herbal samples, oils, cosmetic products) using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled a diode array detector. Linearity ranged 0.4 to 100 µg/mL (0.04–10 µg/mg) (THC, 8-THC, CBD, CBG, CBDA, CBGA), 0.1–100 (0.01–10 (CBN), 0.4–250 (0.04–25 (THCA-A), 0.8–100 (0.08–10 (CBCA). Among sampled beverages, none contained detectable cannabinoids, despite suggestive packaging. Similarly, oils differed declared compositions, some containing significantly higher CBD concentrations than labelled. These inconsistencies raise serious concerns consumer safety informed decision-making. Moreover, our findings underscore need stringent regulation standardised testing protocols ensure accuracy cannabis-based products.

Language: Английский

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Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)

Phytochemical Analysis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(8), P. 903 - 924

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

Abstract Introduction Cannabinoids are a group of compounds that bind to cannabinoid receptors. They possess pharmacological properties like the plant Cannabis sativa . Gas chromatography (GC) is one popular chromatographic techniques has been routinely used in analysis cannabinoids different matrices. Objective The article aims review literature on application GC‐based analytical methods for phytocannabinoids published during period from January 2020 August 2023. Methodology A thorough search was conducted using databases, Web Knowledge, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant materials including books. keywords used, various combinations, with being present all were cannabinoids, , marijuana, analysis, GC, quantitative, qualitative, quality control. From results, only publications incorporate GC reviewed, papers synthetic excluded. Results Since publication early 2020, several have appeared literature. While simple 1D GC–mass spectrometry (MS) GC–flame ionisation detector (FID) still quite common 2D GC‐MS GC‐MS/MS increasingly becoming popular, as these offer more useful data identification quantification use automation sample preparation utilisation mathematical computational models optimisation protocols become norm analysis. Pre‐analyses found derivatisation environmentally friendly extraction protocols. Conclusions phytocannabinoids, especially GC‐MS, remains most preferred compounds. New methods, techniques, models, approaches method introduced.

Language: Английский

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Development and validation of a quantitative method for the analysis of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐9‐THC), delta‐8‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐8‐THC), delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabidiol (CBD) in botanicals, edibles, liquids, oils, waxes, and bath products by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

Journal of Forensic Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(5), P. 1718 - 1729

Published: June 28, 2024

A quantitative gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was developed for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC), delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabidiol (CBD) in matrices including plant material, liquids oils, waxes, edibles, bath body products. Samples were prepared by homogenization, extraction of the cannabinoids into solvent, liquid/liquid extraction, derivatization. The GC/MS validated from 0.15% to 5.00% (weight basis) encompass 0.3% legal distinction between hemp marijuana. Validation performed assessing imprecision/bias, calibration model, recovery, interferences, limit detection, matrix matching, carryover, accuracy, an assessment CBD conversion delta-9-THC. curves quadratic weighted 1/x with r

Language: Английский

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