Genomic adaptation to polyphagy and insecticides in a major East Asian noctuid pest

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 1(11), P. 1747 - 1756

Published: Sept. 22, 2017

The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, is among the most widespread and destructive agricultural pests, feeding on over 100 crops throughout tropical subtropical Asia. By genome sequencing, physical mapping transcriptome analysis, we found that gene families encoding receptors for bitter or toxic substances detoxification enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase glutathione-S-transferase, were massively expanded in this polyphagous species, enabling its extraordinary ability to detect detoxify many plant secondary compounds. Larval exposure insecticidal toxins induced expression of genes, knockdown representative genes using short interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced larval survival, consistent with their contribution insect's natural pesticide tolerance. A population genetics study indicated species southeast Asia by migrating along a South India-South China-Japan axis, adapting wide-ranging ecological conditions diverse host plants insecticides, surviving aid systems. findings will enable development new pest management strategies control major pests S. litura.

Language: Английский

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Genomic innovations, transcriptional plasticity and gene loss underlying the evolution and divergence of two highly polyphagous and invasive Helicoverpa pest species

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 24, 2017

Helicoverpa armigera and zea are major caterpillar pests of Old New World agriculture, respectively. Both, particularly H. armigera, extremely polyphagous, has developed resistance to many insecticides. Here we use comparative genomics, transcriptomics resequencing elucidate the genetic basis for their properties as pests.

Language: Английский

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Two genomes of highly polyphagous lepidopteran pests (Spodoptera frugiperda, Noctuidae) with different host-plant ranges

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Sept. 12, 2017

Emergence of polyphagous herbivorous insects entails significant adaptation to recognize, detoxify and digest a variety host-plants. Despite its biological practical importance - since eat 20% crops no exhaustive analysis gene repertoires required for adaptations in generalist insect herbivores has previously been performed. The noctuid moth Spodoptera frugiperda ranks as one the world's worst agricultural pests. This is while majority other lepidopteran are specialist. It consists two morphologically indistinguishable strains ("C" "R") that have different host plant ranges. To describe evolutionary mechanisms both enable emergence herbivory lead shift preference, we analyzed whole genome sequences from laboratory natural populations strains. We observed huge expansions genes associated with chemosensation detoxification compared specialist Lepidoptera. These largely due tandem duplication, possible mechanism enabling polyphagy. Individuals C R show genomic differentiation. found signatures positive selection involved chemoreception, digestion, copy number variation latter families, suggesting an adaptive role structural variation.

Language: Английский

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Apollo: Democratizing genome annotation

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. e1006790 - e1006790

Published: Feb. 6, 2019

Genome annotation is the process of identifying location and function a genome's encoded features. Improving biological accuracy complex iterative requiring researchers to review incorporate multiple sources information such as transcriptome alignments, predictive models based on sequence profiles, comparisons features found in related organisms. Because rapidly decreasing costs are enabling an ever-growing number scientists sequencing routine laboratory technique, there widespread demand for tools that can assist deliberative analytical genomic information. To this end, we present Apollo, open source software package enables efficiently inspect refine precise structure role graphical browser-based platform. Some Apollo's newer user interface include support real-time collaboration, allowing distributed users simultaneously edit same while also instantly seeing updates made by other region manner similar Google Docs. Its technical architecture Apollo be integrated into existing analysis pipelines heterogeneous workflow platforms. Finally, consider implications applications may have how results genome research published accessible.

Language: Английский

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Genetic structure and insecticide resistance characteristics of fall armyworm populations invading China

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 1682 - 1696

Published: July 3, 2020

Abstract The rapid wide‐scale spread of fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) has caused serious crop losses globally. However, differences in the genetic background subpopulations and mechanisms adaptation behind invasion are still not well understood. Here we report assembly a 390.38‐Mb chromosome‐level genome derived from south‐central Africa using Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) Hi‐C sequencing technologies, with scaffold N50 12.9 Mb containing 22,260 annotated protein‐coding genes. Genome‐wide resequencing 103 samples strain identification were conducted to reveal populations China. Analysis genes related pesticide‐ Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance showed that risk developing conventional pesticides is very high. Laboratory bioassay results insects invading China carry organophosphate pyrethroid pesticides, but sensitive genetically modified maize expressing Bt toxin Cry1Ab field experiments. Additionally, two mitochondrial fragments found be inserted into nuclear genome, insertion event occurring after differentiation strains. This study represents valuable advance toward improving management strategies for armyworm.

Language: Английский

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Speciation through chromosomal fusion and fission in Lepidoptera

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1806), P. 20190539 - 20190539

Published: July 12, 2020

Changes in chromosome numbers may strongly affect reproductive barriers, because individuals heterozygous for distinct karyotypes are typically expected to be at least partially sterile or show reduced recombination. Therefore, several classic speciation models based on chromosomal changes. One import mechanism generating variation is fusion and fission of existing chromosomes, which particularly likely species with holocentric i.e. chromosomes that lack a single centromere. Holocentric evolved repeatedly across the tree life, including Lepidoptera. Although changes hypothesized an important driver spectacular diversification Lepidoptera, comparative studies order lacking. We performed first comprehensive literature survey Lepidoptera since 1970s tested if, how, might speciation. Even though meta-analysis karyological differences between closely related taxa did not reveal effect degree isolation, phylogenetic rate analyses 16 best-covered genera indicated strong, positive association rates number evolution These findings suggest macroevolutionary impact varying apply other taxonomic groups, especially those chromosomes. This article part theme issue 'Towards completion speciation: isolation beyond barriers'.

Language: Английский

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Fall webworm genomes yield insights into rapid adaptation of invasive species

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 105 - 115

Published: Nov. 30, 2018

Invasive species cause considerable ecological and economic damage. Despite decades of broad impacts invasives on diversity agriculture, the genetic adaptations near-term evolution invading populations are poorly understood. The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, a highly successful invasive that originated in North America, spread throughout Northern Hemisphere during past 80 years. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing transcriptome profiling to probe underlying bases for rapid adaptation this new environments host plants. We find substantial reductions genomic consistent with founder effects. Genes pathways associated carbohydrate metabolism gustatory receptors substantially expanded webworm genome show strong signatures functional polymorphisms population. also silk-yielding-associated genes maintained relatively low level diversity, identify candidate may regulate development silk glands webworms. These data suggest webworm's ability colonize novel hosts, mediated by plasticity their capabilities along an increased utilize nutrition sources substrates, has facilitated its range.

Language: Английский

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Transposable Elements and the Evolution of Insects

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 66(1), P. 355 - 372

Published: Sept. 15, 2020

Insects are major contributors to our understanding of the interaction between transposable elements (TEs) and their hosts, owing seminal discoveries, as well growing number sequenced insect genomes population genomics functional studies. Insect TE landscapes highly variable both within across orders, although phylogenetic relatedness appears correlate with similarity in content. This correlation is unlikely be solely due inheritance TEs from shared ancestors may partly reflect preferential horizontal transfer closely related species. The influence traits on landscapes, however, remains unclear. Recent findings indicate that, addition being involved adaptations aging, seemingly at cornerstone antiviral immunity. Thus, emerging essential symbionts that have deleterious or beneficial consequences depending context.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenetic and functional characterization of ten P450 genes from the CYP6AE subfamily of Helicoverpa armigera involved in xenobiotic metabolism

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 93, P. 79 - 91

Published: Dec. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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Adding leaves to the Lepidoptera tree: capturing hundreds of nuclear genes from old museum specimens

Systematic Entomology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(3), P. 649 - 671

Published: March 29, 2021

Abstract Museum collections around the world contain billions of specimens, including rare and extinct species. If their genetic information could be retrieved at a large scale, this would dramatically increase our knowledge taxonomic diversity information, support evolutionary, ecological systematic studies. We here present target enrichment kit for 2953 loci in 1753 orthologous nuclear genes + barcoding region cytochrome C oxidase 1, Lepidoptera demonstrate its utility to obtain number from dry, pinned museum material collected 1892 2017. sequenced enriched libraries 37 specimens across order Lepidoptera, many higher taxa not yet included high‐throughput molecular studies, showing that can used generate comparable data order, provides resolution both shallower deeper nodes. The filtered datasets (172 taxa, 234 464 amino acid positions corresponding nucleotides 1835 CDS regions) were infer phylogeny which is largely congruent topology recent phylogenomic but with addition some key taxa. furthermore TEnriAn (Target Enrichment Analysis) workflow processing combining enrichment, transcriptomic genomic data.

Language: Английский

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