Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
0(0), P. 1 - 10
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Circular
RNAs
(circRNAs)
are
a
type
of
non
coding
RNA
that
possess
unique
single
stranded
circular
structures
formed
through
reverse
splicing
mechanisms.
Due
to
the
lack
free
end
is
typically
susceptible
degradation
by
nucleases,
exhibit
resistance
ribonuclease
R,
making
them
highly
stable
in
eukaryotic
cells.
The
complex
relationship
between
circRNA
dysregulation
and
various
pathophysiological
conditions,
especially
cancer.
Tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
collective
term
for
components
surrounding
tumors
an
important
factor
affecting
tumor
development.
Simultaneous
infiltration
TME
different
types
immune
cells;
These
cells
interact
with
TME,
collectively
forming
so-called
"tumor
microenvironment".
interactions
profoundly
affect
behavior
malignant
tumors,
circRNAs
derived
from
cell
have
become
mediators
response
evasion
within
TME.
CircRNAs
can
directly
or
indirectly
regulate
cells,
thereby
modulating
anti-tumor
immunity.
This
review
highlights
how
circRNAs,
those
encapsulated
extracellular
vesicles
like
exosomes,
influence
differentiation,
chemotaxis,
functions
Metabolic
reprogramming
plays
role
this
process.
process
regulating
immunity
affected
multiple
factors,
such
as
hypoxia
viral
infection.
emphasizes
roles
interaction
regulation
prospects
guiding
significance
checkpoint
therapy.
Biology Direct,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: Aug. 18, 2023
Abstract
Background
Circular
RNAs
(circRNAs)
have
been
shown
to
play
diverse
biological
functions
in
the
progression
of
multiple
diseases.
However,
impacts
circRNAs
on
breast
cancer
(BC)
remains
unclear.
Therefore,
objective
this
paper
is
investigate
role
and
mechanisms
a
functional
circRNA
BC
metastasis
immune
escape.
Methods
This
study
used
microarray
identified
novel
hsa_circ_0067842.
The
validation
characteristics
hsa_circ_0067842
were
investigated
using
qRT-PCR,
sanger
sequencing,
RNase
R
treatment,
actinomycin
D
treatment
fluorescence
situ
hybridization
(FISH).
Gain-
loss-of-function
assays
performed
evaluate
function
Mechanistically,
interaction
between
HuR
was
explored
by
RNA
pull
down,
mass
spectrometry
(MS),
subcellular
component
protein
extraction
immunofluorescence
(IF).
regulatory
hsa_circ_0067842/HuR/CMTM6/PD-L1
axis
western
blot,
FISH,
immunoprecipitation
rescue
assays.
Results
expression
upregulated
tissues
cells,
which
found
be
significantly
associated
with
poor
prognosis,
regardless
other
clinical
covariates.
Function
showed
that
promoted
migration
invasion
capacities
cells.
Moreover,
co-culture
experiment
peripheral
blood
mononuclear
cells
(PBMCs)
played
escape
our
interacted
HuR,
affecting
its
nuclear
translocation,
thus
enhancing
stability
CMTM6.
CMTM6
not
only
enhances
ability
but
also
affects
ubiquitination
PD-L1
inhibits
degradation.
Conclusion
Collectively,
results
demonstrated
through
HuR/CMTM6/PD-L1
axis,
providing
new
insight
potential
target
for
prognosis
therapy.
OpenNano,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 100091 - 100091
Published: Oct. 29, 2022
Cancer
is
a
complex
syndrome
with
high
mortality
rate
worldwide
due
to
the
lack
of
effective
treatments.
The
coordination
between
tumor
cells
and
immune
system
components
may
be
an
important
reason
for
failure
successfully
eliminated
after
treatment.
Tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
barriers
hinder
entry
dispersion
nanotherapeutic
medicines
in
tumors.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
membrane-bound
structures
responsible
cell-to-cell
carry
different
biomolecules
physiological
pathological
communication
cells.
Their
role
has
been
mystery
decades,
over
past
two
their
structure
content
have
revealed
some
amazing
facts.Recent
studies
shown
that
exosomes
play
key
intercellular
during
pathogenesis
diseases
such
as
cancer
proliferation
metastasis.
Inspired
by
endogenous
lipid
membranes,
researchers
tried
mimic
fine
laboratory
load
certain
biological
chemical
drugs.
Therefore,
received
particular
attention
nanotechnology,
these
polymeric
micelles
emerged
potential
candidates
nanocarriers
nanotechnology
overcome
various
obstacles
targeted
drug
delivery.
In
view
importance
exosomes,
this
review
highlights
use
nanodrug-based
medication
majority
investigation
fields
not
yet
moved
out
laboratory.
It
will
take
lot
time
work
implement
experimental
findings
clinical
settings.
Bioengineering,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(1), P. 51 - 51
Published: Dec. 30, 2022
Diseases
affecting
the
brain
and
spinal
cord
fall
under
umbrella
term
"central
nervous
system
disease".
Most
medications
used
to
treat
or
prevent
chronic
diseases
of
central
cannot
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
hence
reach
their
intended
target.
Exosomes
facilitate
cellular
material
movement
signal
transmission.
can
pass
because
tiny
size,
high
delivery
efficiency,
minimal
immunogenicity,
good
biocompatibility.
They
enter
endothelial
cells
via
normal
endocytosis
reverse
endocytosis.
Exosome
bioengineering
may
be
a
method
produce
consistent
repeatable
isolation
for
clinical
usage.
Because
stable
composition,
non-immunogenicity,
non-toxicity,
capacity
carry
wide
range
substances,
exosomes
are
indispensable
transporters
targeted
drug
administration.
Bioengineering
has
potential
improve
these
aspects
significantly.
Future
research
into
exosome
vectors
must
focus
on
redesigning
membrane
vesicles
with
targeting
abilities
increase
targeting.
To
better
understand
as
therapeutic
diseases,
this
article
explores
basic
biological
properties,
engineering
modifications,
promising
applications.
