CD8+ T cells specific for an immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitope cross-react with selective seasonal coronaviruses

Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 54(5), P. 1055 - 1065.e5

Published: April 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses 1 year after infection in people recovered from COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(5), P. e348 - e356

Published: March 24, 2022

The memory immune response is crucial for preventing reinfection or reducing disease severity. However, the robustness and functionality of humoral T-cell to SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown 12 months after initial infection. aim this study investigate durability original strain variants in recovered patients infection.In longitudinal cohort study, we recruited participants who had from COVID-19 were discharged Wuhan Research Center Communicable Disease Diagnosis Treatment at Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China, between Jan 7 May 29, 2020. Patients received a follow-up visit Dec 16, 2020, 27, 2021. We evaluated presence IgM, IgA, IgG antibodies against nucleoprotein, Spike protein, receptor-binding domain infection, using ELISA. Neutralising strain, D614G, beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2) analysed microneutralisation assay subset plasma samples. magnitude breadth SARS-CoV-2-specific responses interferon γ (IFNγ) enzyme-linked absorbent spot (ELISpot) intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay. antibody (ie, IFN-γ, interleukin-2 [IL-2], tumour necrosis factor α [TNFα]) by age Antibody titres also according sequelae symptoms.We enrolled 1096 patients, including 289 (26·4%) with moderate disease, 734 (67·0%) severe 73 (6·7%) critical disease. Paired samples collected 141 during visits PBMCs 92 individuals 12-month visit, which 80 ELISpot ICS detect responses. N-IgG (899 [82·0%]), S-IgG (1043 [95·2%]), RBD-IgG (1032 [94·2%]), neutralising (115 [81·6%] 141) detectable infection most individuals. remained stable 6 younger than 60 years. Multifunctional detected all viral proteins tested. There was no difference profiles different symptom Moreover, both beta, strains. degree reduced in-vitro D614G variants, but not variant, associated found poor variant; 83 (72·2%) 115 showed all. titre reduction patient variant similar that lower variant. By contrast, cross-reactive Importantly, could be lost infection.SARS-CoV-2-specific retained strains compared those diminished general. Memory disrupted new variants. This suggests particularly important protection caused concern whereas seem reduce over time.Chinese National Natural Science Foundation, UK Council.

Language: Английский

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Immune signatures underlying post-acute COVID-19 lung sequelae

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(65)

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Respiratory tissue resident–like CD8 + T cells are associated with chronic lung sequelae post-acute COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Viral persistence, reactivation, and mechanisms of long COVID

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 4, 2023

The COVID-19 global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has infected hundreds of millions individuals. Following infection, a subset can develop wide range chronic symptoms affecting diverse organ systems referred to as post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known long COVID. A National Institutes Health-sponsored initiative, RECOVER: Researching COVID Enhance Recovery, sought understand basis in large cohort. Given that occur COVID, mechanisms may underlie these be diverse. In this review, we focus on emerging literature supporting role(s) viral persistence or reactivation viruses play PASC. Persistence RNA antigens is reported some organs, yet mechanism which they do so and how associated with pathogenic immune responses unclear. Understanding RNA, antigen other reactivated relate specific inflammatory drive PASC provide rationale for treatment.

Language: Английский

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T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 343 - 373

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses roles T cells SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 CD8 cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early have been associated mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody are key to prevent infection, may also play valuable reducing disease severity controlling infection. memory after is sustained for at least six months. While neutralizing impacted by variants, most preserved. This review highlights extensive progress made, data knowledge gaps remain, our understanding vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Engineered skin bacteria induce antitumor T cell responses against melanoma

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6641), P. 203 - 210

Published: April 13, 2023

Certain bacterial colonists induce a highly specific T cell response. A hallmark of this encounter is that adaptive immunity develops preemptively, in the absence an infection. However, functional properties colonist-induced cells are not well defined, limiting our ability to understand anticommensal and harness it therapeutically. We addressed both challenges by engineering skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis express tumor antigens anchored secreted or cell-surface proteins. Upon colonization, engineered S. elicits tumor-specific circulate, infiltrate local metastatic lesions, exert cytotoxic activity. Thus, immune response colonist can promote cellular at distal site be redirected against target therapeutic interest expressing target-derived antigen commensal.

Language: Английский

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Adaptive Immune Responses and Immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 4, 2022

Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, medical field has been forced to apply basic knowledge immunology with most up-to-date SARS-CoV-2 findings and translate it population whole world in record time. Following infection viral antigen, adaptive immune responses are activated mainly by particle encounters antigen-presenting cells or B cell receptors, which induce further biological interactions defend host against virus. After warded off, immunological memory is developed. The SARS-CoV cellular immunity shown persist even 17 years after infection, despite undetectable humoral component. Similar demonstrated for T a shorter period assessing interferon-gamma levels when heparinized blood stimulated virus-specific peptides. also play an irreplaceable part reaction as backbone response. They both provide signals activation maturation, competence, production IgA was be significant influence mediating mucosal first defense mechanism development nasal vaccines. Here, we interpret recent available research, encompasses significance current understanding activity, compare among naive, exposed, vaccinated donors. Our data showed that those who recovered from EMA-approved vaccines had long-lasting immunity. Additionally, analyze immunocompromised patients mediated impact clonality pandemic regarding breakthrough infections variants concern, B.1.617.2 (Delta) B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants.

Language: Английский

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The immunology of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: what are the key questions?

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 762 - 768

Published: Oct. 19, 2021

An important challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic has been to understand asymptomatic disease and extent which this may be a source of transmission. As is by definition hard screen for, there lack clarity about aspect spectrum. Studies have considered whether prevalence determined differences in age, demographics, viral load, duration shedding, magnitude or durability immunity. It clear that adaptive immunity strongly activated infection, but some features T cell antibody response differ from those symptomatic disease. Areas need greater include leads persistent symptoms (long COVID), quality, quantity immune priming required confer subsequent protection. Individuals with can transmit virus at risk long-term In Progress article, Boyton Altman present current insights into responses SARS-CoV-2 infection discuss relevance for public health strategies.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccine mRNA-1273 elicits a protective immune profile in mice that is not associated with vaccine-enhanced disease upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge

Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 54(8), P. 1869 - 1882.e6

Published: July 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccines: concerns beyond protective efficacy and safety

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 1013 - 1025

Published: June 26, 2021

Several vaccine candidates have been developed using different platforms, including nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), viral vectors (replicating non-replicating), virus-like particles, peptide-based, recombinant proteins, live attenuated, inactivated virus modalities. Although many of these vaccines are undergoing pre-clinical trials, several large clinical trials investigating the efficacy safety coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) produced promising findings.In this review, we provide a status update on COVID-19 currently discuss issues concern beyond safety, dosing regimens, mixed strategy, prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection, antibody levels, cellular immunity protection, variants concern, distribution, vaccination willingness, herd immunity, passports, indications.Four obtained emergency use authorization, 87 at development stage, 186 in development. While knowledge is rapidly expanding, benefits must outweigh potential risks adverse events. To combat pandemic, clinicians should consistently COVID-19-associated information, healthcare authorities manufacturers work together to adequate appropriate vaccinations for prevention COVID-19.What context?Severe (SARS-CoV-2) caused global pandemic: outbreak. The implementation could be an important measure control pandemic.What new?Several phase 3 demonstrated effectiveness SARS-CoV-2 infections. authorization implemented countries. concerns regarding unusual blood clots low platelet counts raised, events.What impact?Except children, recommended all people, those pregnant or immunocompromised. Healthcare advise people receiving that they seek medical attention if associated thromboembolism thrombocytopenia symptoms. More studies necessary determine dose regimen as well against concerns. A effort made achieve widespread immunity.

Language: Английский

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