Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 4 - 14

Published: Nov. 19, 2022

Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent genomic variations, mutations adaptation, few gain ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency cause disease, morbidity mortality. These have been implicated lessening efficacy current COVID-19 vaccines immunotherapies break-through viral infections vaccinated individuals recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder protective herd immunity be achieved through ongoing progressive vaccination. Currently, only variant interest SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified South Africa. In this review, we present overview with a special focus variant, its lineages hybrid variants. We discuss hypotheses origin, genetic change underlying molecular mechanism behind transmissibility immune escape variant. Major related including available immunotherapeutics vaccines, transmissibility, severity, mortality discussed. last part, challenges strategies counter amid pandemic presented.

Language: Английский

---

Monkeypox: An emerging global threat during the COVID-19 pandemic

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(5), P. 787 - 794

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

The emergence of the monkeypox outbreak in early 2022 has posed a new global health threat. As July 8, 2022, 9069 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported, and most them are from non-endemic countries. virus is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, preliminary genetic data suggest that belongs to West African clade. In current outbreak, human-to-human transmission primary mode. Although direct skin-to-skin contact with lesions during sexual activities can spread it remains unclear whether through contact, specifically contaminated body fluids. typical presentation includes prodromal symptoms, followed by rash usually begins within 1-3 days symptom onset, skin last for 2-4 weeks then gradually resolve. However, may exhibit atypical features. A definite diagnosis infection requires nucleic acid amplification testing via polymerase chain reaction method. Supportive care essential, antiviral therapy not considered all affected patients, but recommended those at highrisk severe diseases. mitigation outbreaks include enhanced case detection, isolation, tracing, post-exposure vaccination. conclusion, threat COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians should be aware this situation, which presents different scenario prior outbreaks. Global systems develop effective strategies mitigate monkeypox.

Language: Английский

---

Long COVID: An inevitable sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 1 - 9

Published: Oct. 15, 2022

At present, there are more than 560 million confirmed cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Although 98% patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can survive COVID, a significant portion survivors develop residual health problems, which is termed as long COVID. COVID-19 generally associated high risk asymptomatic or mild also show The definition COVID inconsistent and its clinical manifestations protean. In addition to general symptoms, such fatigue, affect many organ systems, including respiratory, neurological, psychosocial, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic systems. Moreover, may experience exercise intolerance impaired daily function quality life. Long be caused by SARS-CoV-2 direct injury immune/inflammatory response. Assessment requires comprehensive evaluation, history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests, radiography, functional tests. However, no known effective treatment for Based on limited evidence, vaccines help prevent development As new entity that constantly evolving, still unknowns, further investigation warranted enhance our understanding this disease.

Language: Английский

---

Differences in incidence and fatality of COVID‐19 by SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant versus Delta variant in relation to vaccine coverage: A world‐wide review

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2022

We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta Omicron variants. The average CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used compare variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries included for analyses. disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 82.95/100,000 during period 0.03/100,000 440.88/100,000 period. median 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76-18.39) 3.04 (IQR: 1.87-7.48) period, respectively. total 47 out showed decreased variant with ratio ranging 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.03) (in Cambodia) 0.97 CI: 0.87-1.08) Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis that CFR largely a result pathogenicity besides increased shows higher but lower around world as whole, which is mainly by SARS-CoV-2's mutation, while against SARS-CoV-2 still acts valuable measure preventing people death.

Language: Английский

---

Vaccination in patients with kidney failure: lessons from COVID-19

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. 708 - 723

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Advances and ongoing research in the treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorders

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 189 - 202

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

---

How Taiwan has responded to COVID-19 and how COVID-19 has affected Taiwan, 2020–2022

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 433 - 441

Published: April 7, 2023

From January 2020 to December 2022, there was a total of 8,872,955 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Taiwan. In addition, 15,253 related deaths were reported. During these three years, the government and health authority did many efforts response this pandemic. early pandemic, Taiwan Central Epidemic Command Center established organize associated resource, develop effective policy implement strict intervention. infection control interventions, including universal mask wearing with increasing production face mask, hand hygiene, border control, introduce digital technology incorporating big data, quarantine cases, travel gathering restriction, implemented. meanwhile, two vaccines, namely MVC-COV1901 UB-612, have been developed under support government. Furthermore, taken into clinical practice after received emergency use approval. traditional Chinese medicines, NRICM101 NRICM102 showed their promising effect against SARS-CoV-2 recommended as potential therapeutic options for COVID-19. nonpharmacologic intervention help reduce infectious diseases, especially airborne/droplet-transmitted diseases. However, exhibited some adverse impacts on healthcare systems, such medical service out hospital cardiac arrest, cancer screening, HIV screening prevention services, public health, psychosocial status workers. Although outbreak infections may gradually subsided, we should keep monitoring its impact appropriately

Language: Английский

---

Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 366 - 366

Published: Feb. 26, 2022

Background: The unprecedented global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed huge challenges on the healthcare facilities, and impacted every aspect life. This led to development several vaccines against COVID-19 within one year. study aimed assess attitudes side effects among Arab communities after receiving a vaccine use machine learning (ML) tools predict post-vaccination based predisposing factors. Methods: An online-based multinational survey was carried out via social media platforms from 14 June 31 August 2021, targeting individuals who received at least dose 22 countries. Descriptive statistics, correlation, chi-square tests were used analyze data. Moreover, extensive ML utilized 30 post vaccination adverse their severity 15 importance distinct factors in predicting particular determined using feature employing gradient boost as AutoML. Results: A total 10,064 participants 19 countries included this study. Around 56% female 59% aged 20 39 years old. high rate hesitancy (51%) reported participants. Almost 88% vaccinated with three vaccines, including Pfizer-BioNTech (52.8%), AstraZeneca (20.7%), Sinopharm (14.2%). About 72% experienced effects. reports statistically significant associations (p < 0.01) between various post-vaccinations In terms effects, boost, random forest, XGBoost outperformed other methods. most important for certain (i.e., tiredness, fever, headache, injection site pain swelling, myalgia, sleepiness laziness) revealed be number doses, gender, type vaccine, age, receive vaccine. Conclusions: following populations are usually non-life-threatening; flu-like symptoms pain. Certain have greater weight input data Based data, can also these effects; people predicted may require additional medical attention, or possibly hospitalization.

Language: Английский

---

The impact of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on the outcomes of COVID‐19 outpatients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(5), P. 2222 - 2229

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Abstract To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mABs) for outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). PubMed, Embase, Web Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov , World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) databases were searched from inception to July 19, 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed mABs in treatment COVID‐19 included. The risk‐of‐bias tool was used quality included RCTs. primary outcome risk COVID‐19‐related hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visits. secondary outcomes death adverse events (AEs). Five articles included, which 3309 patients received mAB 2397 a placebo. A significantly lower rate ED visits observed among who than those placebo (1.7% vs. 6.5%, odds ratios (OR): 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19–0.36; I 2 = 0%). In addition, control group (OR: 0.24; CI: 0.17−0.34; mortality also 0.16; 0.05−0.58; 3%). Neutralizing associated similar any AE 0.81; 0.64–1.01; 52%) serious AEs 0.37; 97% 0.19–0.72; 45%) compared can help reduce outpatients. For these patients, are safe not higher

Language: Английский

---

A concise review of mushrooms antiviral and immunomodulatory properties that may combat against COVID-19

Food Chemistry Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 100023 - 100023

Published: March 2, 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, because of its widespread transmission and infection rates. unique severe disease was found in Wuhan, China, since December 2019, swiftly spread throughout the world. Natural chemicals derived from herbal medicines medicinal mushrooms provide significant resource for development novel antiviral drugs. Many natural drugs have been proven to properties against variety virus strains, such coronavirus herpes simplex (HSV).. In this research, successful dietary treatments different COVID illnesses were compared potential mushroom products therapy. Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, search keywords like COVID, COVID-19, SARS, MERS, mushrooms, their compounds utilized. review literature we foucsed popular Agaricus subrufescens Peck, blazei Murill, Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis.) P. Karst., Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., Inonotus obliquus (Arch. Ex Pers.) Pilát., Lentinula edodes Pegler, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Kumm., Poria cocos F.A. Wolf, Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd.,. Changed forms β-Glucan seem good impact viral replication suppression might be used future studies. However, results seems terpenoids, lectins, glycoproteins, lentinan, galactomannan, polysaccharides are promising prophylactic or therapeutic agents COVID-19.

Language: Английский

---