Alterations of gut microbiome in autoimmune hepatitis

Gut, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69(3), P. 569 - 577

Published: June 14, 2019

Objective The significance of the liver-microbiome axis has been increasingly recognised as a major modulator autoimmunity. aim this study was to take advantage large well-defined corticosteroids treatment-naïve group patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) rigorously characterise gut dysbiosis compared healthy controls. Design We performed cross-sectional individuals AIH (n=91) and matched controls (n=98) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An independent cohort 28 34 analysed validate results. All were collected before therapy. Results microbiome steroid characterised lower alpha-diversity (Shannon observed operational taxonomic units, both p<0.01) distinct overall microbial composition (p=0.002). Depletion obligate anaerobes expansion potential pathobionts including Veillonella associated disease status. Of note, dispar , most strongly disease-associated taxa (p=8.85E–8), positively correlated serum level aspartate aminotransferase liver inflammation. Furthermore, combination four AIH-associated genera distinguished from an area under curves approximately 0.8 in exploration validation cohorts. In addition, multiple predicted functional modules altered microbiome, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis well metabolism amino acids that can be processed bacteria produce immunomodulatory metabolites. Conclusion Our establishes compositional alterations suggests for using microbiota non-invasive biomarkers assess activity.

Language: Английский

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Drug induced liver injury: an update

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 94(10), P. 3381 - 3407

Published: Aug. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Bacteria Interplay With Bile and Cholesterol Metabolism: Implications on Host Physiology

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 14, 2019

Bile is a biological fluid synthesized in the liver, mainly constituted by bile acids and cholesterol, which functions as detergent that emulsifies solubilizes lipids, thereby playing an essential role fat digestion. Besides, are important signaling molecules regulate key at intestinal systemic levels human body, affecting glucose lipid metabolism, immune homeostasis. Apart from this, due to their amphipathic nature, toxic for bacterial cells and, thus, exert strong selective pressure on microbial populations inhabiting gut, decisively shaping profiles of our gut microbiota, has been recognized metabolic organ pivotal host health. Remarkably, bacteria also display range enzymatic activities capable acting lesser extent, cholesterol. These can have direct impact physiology they influence composition circulating acid pool host, Given changes microbiota-residing biotransformation ability significantly health status. Elucidating ways fine-tune microbiota-bile acids-host interplay promising strategies act cholesterol-related disorders. This manuscript summarizes current knowledge cholesterol metabolism bacteria, well its physiology, identifying gaps opportunities guide further advances field.

Language: Английский

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Helicobacter Pylori and Autoimmune Diseases: Involving Multiple Systems

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

The modern Gastroenterology have witnessed an essential stride since Helicobacter pylori was first found in the stomach and then its pathogenic effect discovered. According to researches conducted during nearly 40 years, it has been that this bacterium is associated with a natural history of many upper gastrointestinal diseases. Epidemiological data show increased incidence autoimmune disorders or after infection specific microorganisms. revealed H. potential trigger gastric autoimmunity, may be other diseases, both innate acquired. This paper reviews current support opposition about as role triggers including inflammatory bowel disease, thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, liver rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, well Sjogren's syndrome, chronic urticaria psoriasis, tried explain possible mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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A potential role for the gut microbiome in substance use disorders

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 236(5), P. 1513 - 1530

Published: April 13, 2019

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota modulates drug pharmacokinetics

Drug Metabolism Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 50(3), P. 357 - 368

Published: July 3, 2018

Gut microbiota, one of the determinants pharmacokinetics, has long been underestimated. It is now generally accepted that gut microbiota plays an important role in drug metabolism during enterohepatic circulation either before absorption or through various microbial enzymatic reactions gut. In addition, some drugs are metabolized by intestinal to specific metabolites cannot be formed liver. More importantly, metabolizing prior can alter systemic bioavailability certain drugs. Therefore, understanding flora-mediated critical interpreting changes pharmacokinetics. Here, we summarize effects on and propose influence flora pharmacokinetics should organically related therapeutic side could rationally perform strategy microflora-mediated design

Language: Английский

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Microbiome—The Missing Link in the Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Its Role in Gastrointestinal and Mental Health

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 521 - 521

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

The central nervous system (CNS) and the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract communicate through gut-brain axis (GBA). Such communication is bi-directional involves neuronal, endocrine, immunological mechanisms. There mounting data that gut microbiota source of a number neuroactive immunocompetent substances, which shape structure function brain regions involved in control emotions, cognition, physical activity. Most GI diseases are associated with altered transmission within GBA influenced by both genetic environmental factors. Current treatment protocols for non-GI disorders may positively or adversely affect composition intestinal diverse impact on therapeutic outcome(s). Alterations have been mood depressive disorders. Moreover, mental health frequently affected diseases. Deregulation constitute grip point development diagnostic tools personalized microbiota-based therapy. For example, next generation sequencing (NGS) offers detailed analysis microbiome footprints patients Elucidating role stem cell–host cross talks tissues might lead to diagnostics therapeutics. Psychobiotics new class beneficial bacteria documented efficacy Novel therapies interfering small molecules adult cell trafficking horizon.

Language: Английский

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Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0344 and Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901 Mixture Prevents Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice by Protecting the Intestinal Barrier and Regulating Gut Microbiota and Liver-Related Pathways

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 183 - 197

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

Health and wellbeing are significantly impaired by alcoholic liver disease (ALD), although some lactic acid bacteria strains have been shown previously to relieve ALD symptoms, the mechanisms behind these effects still unclear. Here, Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol was fed C57BL/6J mice for 6 weeks build a chronic lesion model study protective possible of Lactobacillus mixture (Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0344 acidophilus KLDS1.0901). The results showed that improved intestinal epithelial permeability reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Furthermore, inhibited lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation regulating AMPK, Nrf-2, TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Importantly, modulated gut microbiota, resulting in increased short-chain fatty (SCFA) producers decreased Gram-negative bacteria. Taken together, findings indicated could positively regulate causing levels SCFAs, which alcohol-induced accumulation stress through gut–liver axis. Moreover, following administration mixture, improvement reduction led decrease LPS entering portal vein, thereby inhibiting inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Role of Gut Dysbiosis in Liver Diseases: What Have We Learned So Far?

Diseases, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 58 - 58

Published: Nov. 12, 2019

Accumulating evidence supports that gut dysbiosis may relate to various liver diseases. Alcoholics with high intestinal permeability had a decrease in the abundance of Ruminnococcus. Intestinal dysmotility, increased gastric pH, and altered immune responses addition environmental genetic factors are likely cause alcohol-associated microbial changes. Alcohol-induced be associated barrier dysfunction, as microbiota their products modulate function by affecting epithelial pro-inflammatory mucosal repair functions. High levels plasma endotoxin detected alcoholics, moderate fatty advanced cirrhosis. Decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an anti-inflammatory commensal, stimulating IL-10 secretion inhibiting IL-12 interferon-γ expression. Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia were reported NAFLD (nonalcoholic disease) patients. Increased fecal elevated blood alcohol these patients enriched alcohol-producing bacteria produce more (alcohol hypothesis). Some undetermined pathological sequences related facilitate energy-producing proinflammatory conditions for progression NAFLD. A shortage autochthonous non-pathogenic overgrowth potentially pathogenic common findings cirrhotic The ratio amounts beneficial taxa (Lachnospiraceae + Ruminococaceae Veillonellaceae Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XIV) those (Enterobacteriaceae Bacteroidaceae) was low early death organ failure. Cirrhotic decreased diversity before transplantation develop post-transplant infections cognitive impairment residual dysbiosis. Patients PSC marked reduction bacterial diversity. Enterococcus Lactobacillus (without cirrhosis.) Treatment-naive PBC composition microbiota, well lower level As serum anti-gp210 antibody has been considered index disease progression, relatively species richness spp. gp210-positive interesting. dysbiosis-induced metabolites such hepatocarcinogenesis promotor DCA, together leaky translocation. Gut protective Akkermansia butyrate-producing genera decreased, while producing-lipopolysaccharide hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota’s Relationship with Liver Disease and Role in Hepatoprotection by Dietary Natural Products and Probiotics

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1457 - 1457

Published: Oct. 8, 2018

A variety of dietary natural products have shown hepatoprotective effects. Increasing evidence has also demonstrated that gut microorganisms play an important role in the hepatoprotection contributed by products. Gut dysbiosis could increase permeability barrier, resulting translocated bacteria and leaked gut-derived products, which can reach liver through portal vein might lead to increased oxidative stress inflammation, thereby threatening health. Targeting microbiota modulation represents a promising strategy for hepatoprotection. Many protect from various injuries or mitigate hepatic disorders reverting dysbiosis, improving intestinal permeability, altering primary bile acid, inhibiting fatty acid accumulation. The mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects include reducing stress, suppressing attenuating fibrosis, decreasing apoptosis. This review discusses via modulating microbiota, mainly focusing on action.

Language: Английский

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