Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 918 - 918

Published: March 16, 2023

The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune disease, which an organ-specific disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis distinguished by the presence autoantibodies against peroxidase thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well epigenetic environmental factors, contribute to pathogenesis both diseases. This review summarizes genetic, epigenetic, mechanisms involved

Language: Английский

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Helicobacter pylori infection: a dynamic process from diagnosis to treatment

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

, a gram-negative microaerophilic pathogen, causes several upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. For the diseases listed above,

Language: Английский

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Immunological and virological triggers of type 1 diabetes: insights and implications

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an autoimmune process which culminates in the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells pancreas. It widely believed that a complex and multifactorial interplay between genetic environmental factors, such as viruses, play crucial role development disease. Research over past few decades has shown there not one single viral culprit, nor pathway, causing Rather, infections, most notably enteroviruses (EV), appear to accelerate leading T1D are often seen precipitator clinical diagnosis. In support this hypothesis, use anti-viral drugs recently efficacy preserving cell function after onset diabetes. review, we will discuss various pathways infections utilize T1D. There three key mechanisms linking beta-cell death: One modulated direct infection islets resulting their impaired function, another occurs more indirect fashion, modulating immune system, third heightened stress on interferon-mediated increase insulin resistance. The first two aspects surprisingly difficult study, case former, because still many questions about how viruses might persist for longer time periods. latter, indirect/immune case, impact immunity hit-and-run scenario, meaning or all footprints quickly vanish, while changes imprinted upon system anti-islet response persist. Given fact associated with precipitation autoimmunity, concerns regarding recent global coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic long-term effects COVID-19 therefore be discussed, including increased new cases Understanding autoimmunity advancing our knowledge field developing targeted therapeutic interventions. review examine intricate relationship potential considerations prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Systemic lupus erythematosus-complicating immune thrombocytopenia: From pathogenesis to treatment

Journal of Autoimmunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 102887 - 102887

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10458 - 10458

Published: June 21, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response, although this effort hampered challenges pertaining non-specific nature majority manifestations in spectrum, small sample sizes relevant studies other methodological issues. Promising candidate found some patients markers systemic inflammation, acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing they do cover entire umbrella current biomarkers, their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms or diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical classification based pathogenetic main symptomatology frame epidemiological aspects syndrome furthermore assess limitations as well potential implications interventions.

Language: Английский

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Novel therapeutic regimens against Helicobacter pylori: an updated systematic review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 7, 2024

Helicobacter pylori ( H. ) is a strict microaerophilic bacterial species that exists in the stomach, and infection one of most common chronic infections affecting humans. Eradicating preferred method for long-term prevention complications such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, cancer. However, first-line treatment with triple therapy quadruple has been unable to cope increasing antibacterial resistance. To provide an updated review resistance, well related options, we searched PubMed articles published until March 2024. The key search terms were “ ”, infection”, diseases”, eradication”, resistance.” Despite use antimicrobial agents, annual decline eradication rate continues. Emerging therapies, development new strong acid blocker vonoprazan, probiotic adjuvant therapy, vaccine are exciting. effectiveness these treatments needs be further evaluated. It worth mentioning idea altering oxygen environment juice not able survive hot topic should considered plans. Various strategies eradicating , including antibacterials, vaccines, probiotics, biomaterials, continuously evolving. A novel approach involving alteration concentration within growth emerged promising strategy.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between Helicobacter pylori and glycated hemoglobin: a cohort study

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 9, 2023

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has increasingly been shown to be related extragastric diseases. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), an indicator of glycemic control, is closely linked the event diabetes. The purpose this research was analyze association between H. and HbA1c through a cohort study.The population who underwent multiple physical checkups in examination center Taizhou Hospital included. All them urea breath test, serological parameter measurement. Multiple regression used for analyzing influencing factors HbA1c. In addition, result on infection studied by restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. triglyceride glucose (TyG) index represents level insulin resistance (IR) population. classified basis primary last infection, therefore, variations TyG among totally different teams were investigated.Multiple demonstrated that influential factor RCS analysis showed nonlinear relationship infection. When HbA1c>5.7%, chance considerably enlarged. Additionally, long-term increased levels, while levels decreased after eradication. Similarly, also index.Prediabetes increases danger IR wipeout could have positive impact control

Language: Английский

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Helicobacter pylori Infection and Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(16), P. 4822 - 4822

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Approximately half of the world’s population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastric disease. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported that H. pylori may also extragastric manifestations such as hematologic diseases, including chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP). However, molecular mechanisms by induces cITP remain unclear, involve host response, bacterial strain diversity, delivery molecules to blood vessels. This review discusses important pathophysiological potentially contributes development in patients.

Language: Английский

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Epiberberine inhibits Helicobacter pylori and reduces host apoptosis and inflammatory damage by down-regulating urease expression

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 318, P. 117046 - 117046

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) caused by systemic disease, drugs, aging, and radiotherapy for head neck cancer can cause dry mouth, which increases the risk of disorders such as periodontitis, taste disorders, pain burning sensations in dental caries, dramatically reduces quality life patients. To date, treatment SGH is still aimed at relieving patients’ clinical symptoms improving their life, not able to repair regenerate damaged salivary glands. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic (ESCs), induced pluripotent (iPSCs), extended (EPSCs), are an emerging source cellular therapies that capable unlimited proliferation differentiation into all three germ layers. In recent years, immunomodulatory tissue regenerative effects PSCs, derived cells, paracrine products these have received increasing attention demonstrated promising therapeutic some preclinical studies targeting SGH. This review outlined etiologies available treatments The existing efficacy potential role summarized, with a focus on PSC-derived stem/progenitor (SGS/PCs) mesenchymal (MSCs). this Review, we provide conceptual outline our current understanding PSCs-based therapy its importance treatment, may inform serve design future studies.

Language: Английский

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