RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and Impacts

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2373 - 2373

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

RNA modification is a key posttranscriptional process playing various biological roles, and one which has been reported to exist extensively in cellular RNAs. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that viral RNAs also contain variety of modifications, are regulated dynamically by host machinery play critical roles different stages the life cycle. In this review, we summarize reports four typical modifications on RNAs, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), describe molecular mechanisms these processes, illustrate their impacts replication, pathogenicity, innate immune responses. Notably, find viruses share some common features generation, regulation, function, highlighting potential for related serve as targets or bases development antiviral therapeutics vaccines.

Language: Английский

A Better Understanding of the Clinical and Pathological Changes in Viral Retinitis: Steps to Improve Visual Outcomes

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2513 - 2513

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Infectious retinitis, though rare, poses a significant threat to vision, often leading severe and irreversible damage. Various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, tick-borne agents, parasites, fungi, can cause this condition. Among these, necrotizing herpetic retinitis represents critical spectrum of retinal infections primarily caused by herpes viruses such as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), simplex (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV). This review underscores the retina’s susceptibility viral infections, focusing on molecular mechanisms through which invade damage tissue, supported clinical preclinical evidence. We also identify existing knowledge gaps propose future research directions deepen our understanding improve therapeutic outcomes.

Language: Английский