Circulation,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
131(14), P. 1247 - 1259
Published: Jan. 31, 2015
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
determine
whether
patients
with
heart
failure
and
a
preserved
ejection
fraction
(HFpEF)
have
an
increase
in
passive
myocardial
stiffness
the
extent
which
discovered
changes
depend
on
extracellular
matrix
fibrillar
collagen
cardiomyocyte
titin.Seventy
undergoing
coronary
artery
bypass
grafting
underwent
echocardiogram,
plasma
biomarker
determination,
intraoperative
left
ventricular
epicardial
anterior
wall
biopsy.
Patients
were
divided
into
3
groups:
referent
control
(n=17,
no
hypertension
or
diabetes
mellitus),
(HTN)
without
(-)
HFpEF
(n=31),
HTN
(+)
(n=22).
One
more
following
studies
performed
biopsies:
measurements
total,
collagen-dependent
titin-dependent
(differential
extraction
assay),
assays
(biochemistry
histology),
titin
isoform
phosphorylation
assays.
In
comparison
controls,
HTN(-)HFpEF
had
change
end-diastolic
pressure,
stiffness,
collagen,
but
biomarkers
inflammation
(C-reactive
protein,
soluble
ST2,
tissue
inhibitor
metalloproteinase
1).
both
HTN(-)HFpEF,
HTN(+)HFpEF
increased
atrial
volume,
N-terminal
propeptide
brain
natriuretic
peptide,
collagen-dependent,
insoluble
PEVK
S11878(S26),
reduced
N2B
S4185(S469),
inflammation.Hypertension
absence
did
not
alter
stiffness.
significant
stiffness;
increased.
These
data
suggest
that
development
depends
homeostasis.
Hypertension,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
71(6)
Published: Nov. 13, 2017
Since
1980,
the
American
College
of
Cardiology
(ACC)
and
Heart
Association
(AHA)
have
translated
scientific
evidence
into
clinical
practice
guidelines
(guidelines)
with
recommendations
to
improve
cardiovascular
health.In
2013,
National
Heart,
Lung,
Blood
Institute
(NHLBI)
Advisory
Council
recommended
that
NHLBI
focus
specifically
on
reviewing
highest-quality
partner
other
organizations
develop
recommendations.P-1,P-2
Accordingly,
ACC
AHA
collaborated
stakeholder
professional
complete
publish
4
(on
assessment
risk,
lifestyle
modifications
reduce
management
blood
cholesterol
in
adults,
overweight
obesity
adults)
make
them
available
widest
possible
constituency.In
2014,
AHA,
partnership
several
societies,
initiated
a
guideline
prevention,
detection,
evaluation,
high
pressure
(BP)
adults.Under
ACC/
Task
Force,
Prevention
Subcommittee
was
appointed
help
guide
development
suite
prevention
disease
(CVD).These
guidelines,
which
are
based
systematic
methods
evaluate
classify
evidence,
provide
cornerstone
for
quality
care.The
sponsor
publication
without
commercial
support,
members
each
organization
volunteer
their
time
writing
review
efforts.Guidelines
official
policy
AHA.
HypertensionJune
2018of
practice.The
Force
may
also
invite
societies
related
interests
expertise
participate
as
partners,
collaborators,
or
endorsers.
Relationships
With
Industry
Other
EntitiesThe
rigorous
policies
ensure
developed
bias
improper
influence.The
relationships
industry
entities
(RWI)
can
be
found
online.Appendix
1
present
document
lists
committee
members'
relevant
RWI.For
purposes
full
transparency,
comprehensive
disclosure
information
is
online.Comprehensive
online.
Evidence
Review
CommitteesIn
developing
recommendations,
uses
evidence-based
methodologies
all
data.P-6-P-9
Literature
searches
randomized
controlled
trials
(RCTs)
but
include
registries,
nonrandomized
comparative
descriptive
studies,
case
series,
cohort
reviews,
expert
opinion.Only
key
references
cited.An
independent
(ERC)
commissioned
when
there
more
questions
deemed
utmost
importance
merit
formal
review.The
will
determine
patients
most
likely
benefit
from
drug,
device,
treatment
strategy
what
degree.Criteria
commissioning
an
ERC
include:
a)
absence
current
authoritative
review,
b)
feasibility
defining
risk
frame
consistent
guideline,
c)
relevance
substantial
number
patients,
d)
likelihood
findings
actionable
recommendations.ERC
methodologists,
epidemiologists,
healthcare
providers,
biostatisticians.The
by
basis
marked
"SR."
Guideline-Directed
Management
TherapyThe
term
guideline-directed
therapy
(GDMT)
encompasses
diagnostic
testing,
pharmacological
procedural
treatments.For
these
drug
regimens,
reader
should
confirm
dosage
product
insert
material
regimen
contraindications
interactions.The
limited
drugs,
devices,
treatments
approved
use
United
States.
Class
Recommendation
Level
EvidenceThe
(COR)
indicates
strength
recommendation,
encompassing
estimated
magnitude
certainty
proportion
risk.The
(LOE)
rates
supports
intervention
type,
quantity,
consistency
data
sources
(Table
1).P-6-P-8
Circulation,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
145(18)
Published: April 1, 2022
The
"2022
AHA/ACC/HFSA
Guideline
for
the
Management
of
Heart
Failure"
replaces
"2013
ACCF/AHA
and
"2017
ACC/AHA/HFSA
Focused
Update
2013
Failure."
2022
guideline
is
intended
to
provide
patient-centric
recommendations
clinicians
prevent,
diagnose,
manage
patients
with
heart
failure.
