The therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogs for neuroinflammation in the setting of asthma

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and produced by the enteroendocrine glands in large small intestines response to consumption of foods contain carbohydrates, fats, proteins. When GLP-1 secreted, it acts on pancreas increase insulin production secretion, while decreasing pancreatic glucagon secretion order lower serum glucose. However, also metabolism through gut-brain axis. While primarily gut released into bloodstream, quantities can be synthesized distinct areas neurons located hindbrain. Recent studies have proposed receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (GLP-1RAs) may protect against neuroinflammatory diseases. GLP-1RAs therapeutic target for asthma as animal models show these drugs reduce allergen-induced airway inflammation, GLP-1R expressed lung epithelial endothelial cells. There notable association between resistance onset asthma, particularly among obese people, with this suggesting metabolic dysfunction play role development. evidence there link pathobiology neuroinflammation, its analogs regulate pathways contribute pathogenesis. Interest growing, though research remains limited, how inflammation nervous system might linked. This review will explore signaling could inhibit interdependent both system. first focus known exist then pivot current state neural regulation finally speculate GLP-1RA treatment.

Language: Английский

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Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (CCL17) as a clinical biomarker in atopic dermatitis: significance and limitations in the new treatment era

Frontiers in Allergy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC; CCL17) is a T-helper-2 that reflects atopic dermatitis (AD) disease activity. Since 2008, serum TARC levels have been commercially measured in Japan, clinical experience has shown the usefulness of TARC. The fallacy eczema always visible often hinders successful treatment, when there subclinical inflammation which inferable from level. AD treatment entered new era with higher therapeutic efficacy. different meaning than it did previously, its significance limitations are discussed. First, more appropriate topical therapy monitoring would be useful selecting truly necessitated patients for expensive therapies. Dupilumab quickly lowers before improvement, normalization not criterion dose reduction. However, some severe cases, may help determine whether to continue treatment. During JAK inhibitors, elevated abnormally high, leading exacerbation dermatitis. Prurigo nodularis divided into two types associated normal levels, aid selection agents. In this era, remains biomarker accurate drug determination efficacy; Currently, trials AD, all outcome measurements depend on score; however use biomarker, such as TARC, secondary measure will clarify characteristics each pathophysiological conditions expected effective.

Language: Английский

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In vitro and in vivo efficacity of the Active Oligo Skin complex™, a new active ingredient processed from sea water, on multiple parameters of atopic skins

Skin Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 22 - 30

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Different symptoms are associated with atopic skin, including dryness, pruritus and pain, affect patients' quality of life. The environment, microbiota, epidermis, immune nerve cells all implicated in the pathogenesis skin. Staphylococcus aureus is focus particular attention. Epidermis at multiple levels: inflammatory process, barrier, control moisture water loss. Sensory neurons that participate cutaneous neurogenic inflammation seen as a potential new target. Specific management strategies treatments for adults children needed to help more refractory cases. As baseline management, guidelines recommend treatment moisturize skin maintain barrier function, such an emollient. To evaluate product vitro vivo order validate its use people or dry A specific mineral composition, Active Oligo Skin complex™, from seawater was developed included balm. effects solution balm containing complex were evaluated on growth biofilm formation epidermidis different models, adult young volunteers. In vitro, modulated bacterial growth, decreased cytokine [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-4] neuropeptide (substance P) release, increased expression CL1 CL4. On volunteers had moisturizing effect after 1 h application. Dryness roughness also reduced participants erythema 21 days topical application 60 participants. 22 participants, stinging score -application. complex™ appears display potent antipruritic anti-inflammatory activities, both vivo.

Language: Английский

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Systemic barrier dysfunction in type 2 inflammation diseases: perspective in the skin, airways, and gastrointestinal tract

Immunologic Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 73(1)

Published: March 11, 2025

The epithelial barrier in different organs is the first line of defense against environmental insults and allergens, with type 2 immunity serving as a protective function. Genetic factors, biological chemical from surrounding environment altered regulate homeostasis through disruption tight junction proteins or dilated intercellular spaces. Recent studies suggest that dysfunction contributes to pathologic alteration diseases immune dysregulation including (but not limited to) atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis nasal polyps, eosinophilic esophagitis. In this review, we summarized current understanding its interaction inflammation across organs, discussed role pathogenesis inflammation. addition, recent progresses emerging restorative therapies are reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Neuroichthyosis With a De Novo Variant c.494C>T in ELOVL1 and Severe Pruritus Relieved by Dupilumab

Pediatric Dermatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

ABSTRACT We report a patient with neuroichthyosis an ELOVL1 variant associated severe pruritus who responded well to dupilumab therapy. Our case is the third known reported this de novo heterozygous dominant variant. The feature of progressive greatly impairing quality life unique among these reports. After multiple treatment failures, he clinically and subjectively monoclonal antibody dupilumab.

Language: Английский

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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prurigo Nodularis: A Systematic Review

Clinics in Dermatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Big Four in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Prurigo Nodularis: Interplay among Type 2 Inflammation, Epidermal Hyperplasia, Dermal Fibrosis, and Itch from Neuroimmune Dysregulation

Clinics in Dermatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Atopic dermatitis and IgE-mediated food allergy

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 133(3), P. 262 - 277

Published: June 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of dupilumab on the disease burden in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: A population‐based cohort study

Allergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(10), P. 2748 - 2758

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Abstract Background Dupilumab is the first and only biologic agent approved for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in pediatric patients aged from 6 months to 17 years. The study aimed evaluate impact dupilumab on occurrence comorbidities with AD. Methods In this population‐based cohort study, we utilized electronic health records multiple healthcare organizations across United States. Pediatric (<18 years age) a diagnosis AD initiating were propensity‐score matched 1:1 those other systemic agents (azathioprine, cyclosporine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or corticosteroids). primary outcomes new‐onset emerging during period measured by risk ratio (RR) its confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses stratified age (0–5 years, 6–11 12–17 years), sex, race. Results A total 3575 treated agents. was associated lowered (including asthma [RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59–0.89] allergic rhinitis 0.62; 0.52–0.74]), infections (e.g., skin soft tissue infection 0.70; 0.63–0.76] respiratory tract [RR = 0.56; 0.51–0.61]), psychiatric disorders mood disorder 0.52; 0.39–0.70] anxiety 0.57; 0.46–0.70], sleep disturbance 0.60; 0.47–0.77]), neurologic developmental attention deficit hyperactivity 0.54; 0.38–0.75]). Furthermore, positive effects are found be more pronounced younger children (aged 0–5 years) Conclusions Treatment compared resulted reductions AD‐related patients.

Language: Английский

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Neuroimmune communication in allergic rhinitis

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) is high worldwide. inhalation allergens induces AR, which an immunoglobulin E-mediated and type 2 inflammation-driven disease. Recently, the role neuroimmune communication in AR pathogenesis has piqued interest scientific community. Various neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), neuromedin U (NMU), released via “axon reflexes” or “central sensitization” exert regulatory effects on immune cells to elicit “neurogenic inflammation,” contributes nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) AR. Additionally, neuropeptides can be produced cells. frequent colocalization neuronal at certain anatomical regions promotes establishment cell units, nerve-mast cells, nerve-type innate lymphoid (ILC2s), nerve-eosinophils nerve-basophils units. Receptors expressed both neurons, TRPV1, TRPA1, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) mediate pathogenesis. This review focused elucidating mechanisms underlying

Language: Английский

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