The interplay between oral microbiota, gut microbiota and systematic diseases

Journal of Oral Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 15, 2023

Over the past two decades, importance of microbiota in health and disease has become evident. The human gut oral are largest second-largest microbiome body, respectively, they physically connected as cavity is beginning digestive system. Emerging exciting evidence shown complex important connections between microbiota. interplay microbiomes may contribute to pathological processes many diseases, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel pancreatic cancer, colorectal so on. In this review, we discuss possible routes factors affect microbiota, contribution systemic diseases. Although most studies association studies, recently, there have been increasing mechanistic investigations. This review aims enhance interest connection shows tangible impact on health.

Language: Английский

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Genome-resolved metagenomics: a game changer for microbiome medicine

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(7), P. 1501 - 1512

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Recent substantial evidence implicating commensal bacteria in human diseases has given rise to a new domain biomedical research: microbiome medicine. This emerging field aims understand and leverage the microbiota derivative molecules for disease prevention treatment. Despite complex hierarchical organization of this ecosystem, most research over years relied on 16S amplicon sequencing, legacy bacterial phylogeny taxonomy. Although advanced sequencing technologies have enabled cost-effective analysis entire microbiota, translating relatively short nucleotide information into functional taxonomic posed challenges until recently. In last decade, genome-resolved metagenomics, which reconstruct microbial genomes directly from whole-metagenome data, made significant strides continues unveil mysteries various human-associated communities. There been rapid increase volume whole metagenome data compilation novel metagenome-assembled protein sequences public depositories. review provides an overview capabilities methods metagenomics studying microbiome, with focus investigating prokaryotic gut. Just as decoding genome its variations marked beginning genomic medicine era, unraveling microbes their sequence is ushering us era Genome-resolved stands pivotal tool transition can accelerate our journey toward achieving these scientific medical milestones.

Language: Английский

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The oral-gut microbiota axis: a link in cardiometabolic diseases

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Complicated Relationship of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Oral Microbiome: A Narrative Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2749 - 2749

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

The human oral microbiome has emerged as a focal point of research due to its profound implications for health. involvement short-chain fatty acids in composition, health, and chronic inflammation is gaining increasing attention. In this narrative review, the results early vitro, vivo, pilot clinical studies projects are presented order define boundaries new complicated issue. According results, current data disputable ambiguous. When investigating role SCFAs health disease, it crucial distinguish between their local GI effects systemic influences. Locally, part normal microbiota metabolism, but increased formation usually attribute dysbiosis; excess participate development diseases biota gut colonization dysbiosis. On other hand, number have established positive impact on whole, including reduction inflammation, improvement metabolic processes, decrease some types cancer incidence. Thus, complex sophisticated approach with consideration origin localization SCFA function assessment demanded. Therefore, more research, especially needed investigate relationship disease potential prevention treatment.

Language: Английский

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Distribution characteristics of oral microbiota and its relationship with intestinal microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 16, 2023

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a high incidence rate globally, increasing the burden of death, disability, and economy worldwide. Previous studies have found that compositions oral intestinal microbiota changed respectively in T2DM; whether changes were associated or interacted between two sites there some associations T2DM ectopic colonization gut still need to be identified. Research design methods We performed cross-sectional observational study; 183 74 controls enrolled. used high-throughput sequencing technology detect V3-V4 region 16S rRNA stool samples. The Source Tracker method was identify proportion colonized from cavity. Results marker bacteria found, such as Actinobacteria, Streptococcus, Rothia , Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus Blautia at genus level. Among them, Actinobacteria played vital role different symbiotic relationships microbiota. commonly distributed bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, both intestine. Moreover, relative abundance composition sites. glycine betaine degradation I pathway significantly up-regulated flora T2DM. main serum indexes related inflammatory. Proteobacteria intestine Spirochete positively correlated, correlation coefficient highest, 0.240 (P<0.01). 2.36%. Conclusion dysbacteriosis exited simultaneously, differences connections Ectopic might relate Further, clarifying oral-gut-transmitting can provide an essential reference for diagnosing treating future.

Language: Английский

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Genetic evidence strengthens the bidirectional connection between gut microbiota and periodontitis: insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Abstract Background Recent research has established the correlation between gut microbiota and periodontitis via oral-gut axis. Intestinal dysbiosis may play a pivotal bridging role in extra-oral inflammatory comorbidities caused by periodontitis. However, it is unclear whether link merely correlative or orchestrated causative mechanistic interactions. This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to evaluate potential bidirectional causal relationships Materials Methods A MR analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for (n = 18,340) (cases 12,251; controls 22,845). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method used primary analysis, we employed sensitivity analyses assess robustness of main results. PhenoScanner database then searched pleiotropy SNPs associated with confounders. In order identify possibly influential SNPs, further conducted leave-one-out analysis. Finally, reverse possibility links genetically predicted alternation. Results 2,699 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 196 genera were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). IVW suggested that Enterobacteriales (OR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.66), family Bacteroidales S24.7group 1.22, 1.05–1.41), genus Lachnospiraceae UCG008 1.16, 1.03–1.31), Prevotella 7 1.11, 1.01–1.23), Pasteurellales 1.12, 1.00–1.26) be higher risk periodontitis, while Ruminiclostridium 6 linked lower 0.82, 0.70–0.95). heterogeneity yielded no indication horizontal heterogeneity. Only likelihood remained consistent across all alternative approaches. four down-regulated whereas two up-regulated. Conclusions present demonstrated Our provided fresh insights prevention management Future required support finding our current study.

Language: Английский

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Oral-gut microbial transmission promotes diabetic coronary heart disease

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 5, 2024

Abstract Background Diabetes is a predominant driver of coronary artery disease worldwide. This study aims to unravel the distinct characteristics oral and gut microbiota in diabetic heart (DCHD). Simultaneously, we aim establish causal link between diabetes-driven oral-gut axis increased susceptibility myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI). Methods We comprehensively investigated microbial landscape DCHD using discovery cohort (n = 183) validation chohort 68). Systematically obtained (tongue-coating) fecal specimens were subjected metagenomic sequencing qPCR analysis, respectively, holistically characterize consortia. Next, induced MIRI by administering streptozotocin C57BL/6 mice subsequently potential mechanisms through antibiotic pre-treatment followed gavage with specific bacterial strains ( Fusobacterium nucleatum or from patients) mice. Results Specific signatures such as Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Roseburia faecis , identified biomarkers DCHD. further validated that Lactobacillus are patients, positive correlation two. Experimental evidence revealed hyperglycemic mice, augmented levels cavity accompanied an imbalance axis, characterized coexistence along elevated cardiac miRNA-21 greater extent damage indicated TTC, HE, TUNEL staining, all which contributed exacerbated MIRI. Conclusion Our findings not only uncover dysregulation diabetes patients but also highlight pivotal intermediary role abundance F. exacerbating Targeting emerges potent strategy for preventing treating Oral-gut transmission constitutes intermediate mechanism influences injury, offering new insights into acute events disease. Graphic

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the gastric microbiota: implications for gastric carcinogenesis, immune responses, and clinical prospects

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(1)

Published: April 19, 2024

High-throughput sequencing has ushered in a paradigm shift gastric microbiota, breaking the stereotype that stomach is hostile to microorganisms beyond H. pylori. Recent attention directed toward composition and functionality of this 'community' shed light on its potential relevance cancer. The microbial health displays host specificity which changes throughout person's lifespan subject both external internal factors. Distinctive alterations microbiome signature are discernible at different stages precancerous lesions malignancy. robust microbes dominate malignant tissue intricately implicated cancer susceptibility, carcinogenesis, modulation immunosurveillance immune escape. These revelations offer fresh avenues for utilizing microbiota as predictive biomarkers clinical settings. Furthermore, inter-individual variations partially account differential responses immunotherapy. In review, we summarize current literature influence anti-tumor immunity immunotherapy, providing insights into applications.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Oral Microbiota on the Severity and Prognosis of Stroke

Bulletin of Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 124 - 145

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The microbiome of the oral cavity plays an important role in development and progression various somatic diseases, including stroke. Studies show that bacteria living can enter bloodstream contribute to inflammatory processes, which increases risk cardiovascular disease It was found 79% studied stroke-related blood clots, DNA commonly cavity, such as streptococci Viridans species, found. Periodontal pathogenic microorganisms cause chronic inflammation atherosclerosis, is one main factors for Dysbiosis also associated with increase level proinflammatory cytokines, worsen condition vessels likelihood thrombosis. Thus, maintaining health timely treatment dental diseases have a significant impact on reducing Understanding relationship between state system opens up new horizons preventive measures therapeutic approaches patients at high

Language: Английский

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The Roles of Periodontal Bacteria in Atherosclerosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(16), P. 12861 - 12861

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory vascular disease that constitutes a major underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and stroke. Infection contributing risk factor for AS. Epidemiological evidence has implicated individuals afflicted by periodontitis displaying increased susceptibility to AS CVD. This review concisely outlines several prevalent periodontal pathogens identified within atherosclerotic plaques, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum. We the existing epidemiological elucidating association between these AS-related diseases, diverse mechanisms which may engage in AS, such as endothelial barrier disruption, immune system activation, facilitation monocyte adhesion aggregation, promotion foam cell formation, all contribute progression destabilization plaques. Notably, intricate interplay among bacteria underscores complex impact on In conclusion, advancing our understanding relationship will undoubtedly offer invaluable insights potential therapeutic avenues prevention management

Language: Английский

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