Managing the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: the outlook for osteosarcoma treatment

Bone Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Osteosarcoma, with poor survival after metastasis, is considered the most common primary bone cancer in adolescents. Notwithstanding efforts of researchers, its five-year rate has only shown limited improvement, suggesting that existing therapeutic strategies are insufficient to meet clinical needs. Notably, immunotherapy certain advantages over traditional tumor treatments inhibiting metastasis. Therefore, managing immune microenvironment osteosarcoma can provide novel and valuable insight into multifaceted mechanisms underlying heterogeneity progression disease. Additionally, given advances nanomedicine, there exist many advanced nanoplatforms for enhanced satisfactory physiochemical characteristics. Here, we review classification, characteristics, functions key components osteosarcoma. This also emphasizes application, progress, prospects discusses several nanomedicine-based options enhance efficiency treatment. Furthermore, examine disadvantages standard present future perspectives immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Lymph-targeted high-density lipoprotein-mimetic nanovaccine for multi-antigenic personalized cancer immunotherapy

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(11)

Published: March 13, 2024

Cancer vaccines show huge potential for cancer prevention and treatment. However, their efficacy remains limited due to weak immunogenicity regarding inefficient stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Inspired by the unique characteristic biological function high-density lipoprotein (HDL), we here develop an HDL-mimicking nanovaccine with commendable lymph-targeted capacity potently elicit antitumor immunity using lipid nanoparticle that is co-loaded specific cytomembrane harboring a collection tumor-associated antigens immune adjuvant. The nanoparticulate impact explored on efficiency lymphatic targeting dendritic cell uptake. optimized promotes co-delivery adjuvants lymph nodes maintains antigen presentation cells, resulting in long-term surveillance as elevated frequency CTLs within lymphoid organs tumor tissue. Immunization suppresses formation growth augments therapeutic checkpoint inhibitors notably high-stemness melanoma mouse models.

Language: Английский

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The quest for nanoparticle-powered vaccines in cancer immunotherapy

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Abstract Despite recent advancements in cancer treatment, this disease still poses a serious threat to public health. Vaccines play an important role preventing illness by preparing the body's adaptive and innate immune responses combat diseases. As our understanding of malignancies their connection system improves, there has been growing interest priming fight more effectively comprehensively. One promising approach involves utilizing nanoparticle systems for antigen delivery, which shown potentiate as vaccines and/or adjuvants. In review, we comprehensively summarized immunological mechanisms while focusing specifically on applications various types nanoparticles field immunotherapy. By exploring these breakthroughs, hope identify significant challenges obstacles making nanoparticle-based adjuvants feasible clinical application. This review serves assess breakthroughs vaccinations shed light prospects potential barriers. doing so, aim inspire future immunotherapies that harness nanotechnology deliver effective targeted treatments. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticles Targeting Lymph Nodes for Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies and Influencing Factors

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(19)

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Abstract Immunotherapy has emerged as a potent strategy in cancer treatment, with many approved drugs and modalities the development stages. Despite its promise, immunotherapy is not without limitations, including side effects suboptimal efficacy. Using nanoparticles (NPs) delivery vehicles to target lymph nodes (LNs) can improve efficacy of reduce patients. In this context, paper reviews LN‐targeted immunotherapeutic NP strategies, mechanisms transport during LN targeting, their related biosafety risks. targeting LNs involves either passive influenced by physical properties, or active facilitated affinity ligands on surfaces, while alternative methods, such intranodal injection high endothelial venule (HEV) have uncertain clinical applicability require further research validation. NPs for increase biocompatibility, but risks toxicity, organ accumulation, oxidative stress remain, although strategies biodegradable biomacromolecules, polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating, impurity addition mitigate these Additionally, work concludes future‐oriented discussion, offering critical insights into field.

Language: Английский

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Black Phosphorus Quantum Dot Loaded Bioinspired Nanoplatform Synergized with aPD-L1 for Multimode Cancer Immunotherapy

Nano Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 6767 - 6777

Published: May 21, 2024

Efforts to prolong the blood circulation time and bypass immune clearance play vital roles in improving therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs). Herein, a multifunctional nanoplatform (BPP@RTL) that precisely targets tumor cells is fabricated by encapsulating ultrasmall phototherapeutic agent black phosphorus quantum dot (BPQD), chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX), immunomodulator PolyMetformin (PM) hybrid membrane-camouflaged liposomes. Specifically, cell membrane coating derived from fusion cancer red displays excellent targeting efficiency long property due innate features both membranes. After collaboration with aPD-L1-based checkpoint blockade therapy, boosted immunotherapeutic effect obtained elevated dendritic maturation T activation. Significantly, laser-irradiated BPP@RTL combined aPD-L1 effectively eliminates primary tumors inhibits lung metastasis 4T1 breast model, offering promising treatment plan develop personalized antitumor strategy.

Language: Английский

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Invasion and metastasis in cancer: molecular insights and therapeutic targets

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

The progression of malignant tumors leads to the development secondary in various organs, including bones, brain, liver, and lungs. This metastatic process severely impacts prognosis patients, significantly affecting their quality life survival rates. Research efforts have consistently focused on intricate mechanisms underlying this corresponding clinical management strategies. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding biological foundations tumor metastasis, identification pivotal signaling pathways, systematic evaluation existing emerging therapeutic strategies are paramount enhancing overall diagnostic treatment capabilities for tumors. However, current research is primarily metastasis within specific cancer types, leaving significant gaps our complex cascade, organ-specific tropism mechanisms, targeted treatments. In study, we examine sequential processes elucidate driving organ-tropic systematically analyze tumors, those tailored organ involvement. Subsequently, synthesize most recent advances technologies challenges opportunities encountered pertaining bone metastasis. Our objective offer insights that can inform future practice crucial field.

Language: Английский

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mRNA Cancer Vaccines: Construction and Boosting Strategies

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(20), P. 19550 - 19580

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

In late 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a lipid-based mRNA vaccine for prevention of COVID-19, which has pushed this field to be more closely studied motivated researchers delve deeper into therapeutics. To date, research on cancer vaccines been developed rapidly, substantial hopeful therapeutic results have achieved against various solid tumors in clinical trials. review, we first introduce three main components vaccines, including antigens, adjuvants, delivery vectors. Engineering these can optimize effects vaccines. For instance, appropriate modification structure alleviate poor stability innate immunogenicity mRNA, use vectors address issues low efficiency vivo. Second, emphatically discuss some strategies further improve efficacy namely modulating immunosuppressive tumor environment, optimizing administration routes, achieving targeting intended tissues or organs, employing combination therapy. These strengthen inhibitory ability increase possibility elimination. Finally, point out challenges practice offer our perspectives future developments rapidly evolving field. It is anticipated that will therapy near future.

Language: Английский

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Nanovaccine-based strategies for lymph node targeted delivery and imaging in tumor immunotherapy

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 23, 2023

Abstract Therapeutic tumor vaccines have attracted considerable attention in the past decade; they can induce regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting immune memory and avoid non-specific adverse side effects. However, challenge field of therapeutic is ensuring delivery components to lymph nodes (LNs) activate cells. The clinical response rate traditional falls short expectations due inadequate node delivery. With rapid development nanotechnology, a large number nanoplatform-based LN-targeting nanovaccines been exploited for optimizing immunotherapies. In addition, some possess non-invasive visualization performance, which benefit understanding kinetics nanovaccine exposure LNs. Herein, we present parameters nanoplatforms, such as size, surface modification, shape, deformability, affect functions nanovaccines. recent advances nanoplatforms with different promoting are also summarized. Furthermore, emerging LNs-targeting nanoplatform-mediated imaging strategies both improve targeting performance enhance quality LN discussed. Finally, summarize prospects challenges /or strategies, optimize efficacy

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Engineered Immune Cells and Bacteria as Drug Carriers for Cancer Immunotherapy

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 843 - 884

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Immunotherapy continues to be in the spotlight of oncology therapy research past few years and has been proven a promising option modulate one's innate adaptive immune systems for cancer treatment. However, poor delivery efficiency agents, potential off-target toxicity, nonimmunogenic tumors significantly limit its effectiveness extensive application. Recently, emerging biomaterial-based drug carriers, including but not limited cells bacteria, are expected candidates break dilemma immunotherapy, with their excellent natures intrinsic tumor tropism immunomodulatory activity. More than that, tiny vesicles physiological components derived from them have similar functions source due inheritance various surface signal molecules proteins. Herein, we presented representative examples about latest advances employed cells, derivatives. Simultaneously, opportunities challenges bacteria-based carriers discussed provide reference future application immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Injectable Nano-in-Gel Vaccine for Spatial and Temporal Control of Vaccine Kinetics and Breast Cancer Postsurgical Therapy

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 3087 - 3100

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, and surgical resection first choice for its treatment. With development of operation techniques, treatment breast evolving toward minimally invasive breast-conserving approaches. However, surgery prone to an increased risk recurrence becoming a key challenge that needs be solved. In this study, we introduce one-shot injectable nano-in-gel vaccine (NIGel-Vax) postoperative therapy. The NIGel-Vax was constructed by mixing protein antigens with PEI-4BImi-Man adjuvant then encapsulated in hydrogel made oxidized dextran (ODEX) 4-arm PEG-ONH2. Using 4T1 tumor-extracted proteins as antigen, achieved 92% tumor suppression rate 33% cure therapy model. tumor-associated antigen trophoblast cell-surface 2 (TROP2) 96% 50% triple-negative (TNBC) models. This design provides encouraging approach management.

Language: Английский

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