Expert Review of Clinical Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 5, 2024
Introduction
In
recent
years,
immunotherapy
has
shown
significant
therapeutic
potential
in
patients
with
advanced
tumors.
However,
only
a
small
number
of
individuals
benefit,
mainly
due
to
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
which
provides
conditions
for
development
Macrophages
TME,
known
as
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAM),
are
divided
into
M1
anti-tumor
and
M2
pro-tumor
phenotypes,
play
regulatory
role
various
stages
tumorigenesis,
promote
tumorigenesis
metastasis,
cause
resistance.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: June 11, 2024
Abstract
Macrophages
infiltrating
tumour
tissues
or
residing
in
the
microenvironment
of
solid
tumours
are
known
as
tumour-associated
macrophages
(TAMs).
These
specialized
immune
cells
play
crucial
roles
growth,
angiogenesis,
regulation,
metastasis,
and
chemoresistance.
TAMs
encompass
various
subpopulations,
primarily
classified
into
M1
M2
subtypes
based
on
their
differentiation
activities.
macrophages,
characterized
by
a
pro-inflammatory
phenotype,
exert
anti-tumoural
effects,
while
with
an
anti-inflammatory
function
protumoural
regulators.
highly
versatile
respond
to
stimuli
from
other
constituents
within
(TME),
such
growth
factors,
cytokines,
chemokines,
enzymes.
induce
polarization
towards
one
phenotype
another,
leading
complex
interactions
TME
components
influencing
both
pro-tumour
anti-tumour
processes.
This
review
comprehensively
deeply
covers
literature
origin
well
intricate
interplay
between
TME,
dual
nature
promoting
pro-
Moreover,
delves
primary
pathways
implicated
macrophage
polarization,
examining
diverse
that
regulate
this
process.
role
shaping
functions
macrophages.
In
addition,
advantages
limitations
current
clinical
interventions
reviewed,
including
enhancing
TAM
phagocytosis,
inducing
exhaustion,
inhibiting
recruitment,
polarizing
M1-like
phenotype.
conclusion,
treatment
strategies
targeting
precision
medicine
show
promise,
overcoming
several
obstacles
is
still
necessary
achieve
accessible
efficient
immunotherapy.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
Breast
cancer,
the
most
frequent
female
malignancy,
is
often
curable
when
detected
at
an
early
stage.
The
treatment
of
metastatic
breast
cancer
more
challenging
and
may
be
unresponsive
to
conventional
therapy.
Immunotherapy
crucial
for
treating
but
its
resistance
a
major
limitation.
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
vital
in
modulating
immunotherapy
response.
Various
microenvironmental
components,
such
as
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
myeloid-derived
suppressor
cells
(MDSCs),
are
involved
TME
modulation
cause
resistance.
This
review
highlights
role
stromal
microenvironment,
including
involvement
CAF-TAM
interaction,
alteration
metabolism
leading
failure,
other
latest
strategies,
high
throughput
genomic
screening,
single-cell
spatial
omics
techniques
identifying
immune
genes
regulating
emphasizes
therapeutic
approach
overcome
through
CAF
reprogramming,
TAM
polarization,
metabolism,
alterations.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Aug. 2, 2024
Abstract
Metastasis
remains
a
pivotal
characteristic
of
cancer
and
is
the
primary
contributor
to
cancer-associated
mortality.
Despite
its
significance,
mechanisms
governing
metastasis
are
not
fully
elucidated.
Contemporary
findings
in
domain
biology
have
shed
light
on
molecular
aspects
this
intricate
process.
Tumor
cells
undergoing
invasion
engage
with
other
cellular
entities
proteins
en
route
their
destination.
Insights
into
these
engagements
enhanced
our
comprehension
principles
directing
movement
adaptability
metastatic
cells.
The
tumor
microenvironment
plays
role
facilitating
proliferation
by
enabling
navigate
through
stromal
barriers.
Such
attributes
influenced
genetic
epigenetic
changes
occurring
surrounding
milieu.
A
profound
understanding
process’s
biological
indispensable
for
devising
efficacious
therapeutic
strategies.
This
review
delves
recent
developments
concerning
metastasis-associated
genes,
important
signaling
pathways,
microenvironment,
metabolic
processes,
peripheral
immunity,
mechanical
forces
metastasis.
In
addition,
we
combine
advances
particular
emphasis
prospect
developing
effective
interventions
including
most
popular
immunotherapies
nanotechnology
combat
We
also
identified
limitations
current
research
metastasis,
encompassing
drug
resistance,
restricted
animal
models,
inadequate
biomarkers
early
detection
methods,
as
well
heterogeneity
among
others.
It
anticipated
that
comprehensive
will
significantly
contribute
advancement
research.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: March 7, 2025
Abstract
Macrophages
are
immune
cells
belonging
to
the
mononuclear
phagocyte
system.
They
play
crucial
roles
in
defense,
surveillance,
and
homeostasis.
This
review
systematically
discusses
types
of
hematopoietic
progenitors
that
give
rise
macrophages,
including
primitive
progenitors,
erythro-myeloid
stem
cells.
These
have
distinct
genetic
backgrounds
developmental
processes.
Accordingly,
macrophages
exhibit
complex
diverse
functions
body,
phagocytosis
clearance
cellular
debris,
antigen
presentation,
response,
regulation
inflammation
cytokine
production,
tissue
remodeling
repair,
multi-level
regulatory
signaling
pathways/crosstalk
involved
homeostasis
physiology.
Besides,
tumor-associated
a
key
component
TME,
exhibiting
both
anti-tumor
pro-tumor
properties.
Furthermore,
functional
status
is
closely
linked
development
various
diseases,
cancer,
autoimmune
disorders,
cardiovascular
disease,
neurodegenerative
metabolic
conditions,
trauma.
Targeting
has
emerged
as
promising
therapeutic
strategy
these
contexts.
Clinical
trials
macrophage-based
targeted
drugs,
immunotherapies,
nanoparticle-based
therapy
were
comprehensively
summarized.
Potential
challenges
future
directions
targeting
also
been
discussed.
Overall,
our
highlights
significance
this
versatile
cell
human
health
which
expected
inform
research
clinical
practice.
In
this
report,
we
detail
the
discovery
and
characterization
of
a
new
oligosaccharide,
PCO-1,
extracted
from
culture
broth
marine
fungus
Penicillium
citrinum
SCAU-268.
The
molecular
weight
PCO-1
was
accurately
measured
to
be
1476
Da,
its
primary
structure
identified
as
α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-α-D-Glcp.
Our
results
demonstrate
that
markedly
elevated
secretion
cytokines
IL-6,
IL-1β,
TNF-α,
nitric
oxide
(NO)
in
concentration-dependent
fashion.
Metabolomic
studies
suggest
may
act
through
LACC1
pathway,
promoting
conversion
citrulline
ornithine
modulating
immune
responses.
conclusion,
our
study
has
successfully
elucidated
fungal-derived
oligosaccharide
confirmed
potent
immunomodulatory
activity.
Molecular Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 17, 2025
Malignant
tumors
pose
a
considerable
threat
to
human
life
and
health.
Traditional
treatments,
such
as
radiotherapy
chemotherapy,
often
lack
specificity,
leading
collateral
damage
normal
tissues.
Tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
is
characterized
by
hypoxia,
acidity,
redox
imbalances,
elevated
ATP
levels
factors
that
collectively
promote
tumor
growth
metastasis.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
of
the
nanoparticles
developed
in
recent
years
for
TME-responsive
strategies
or
TME-modulating
methods
therapy.
The
focus
on
designing
synthesizing
can
interact
with
achieve
precisely
controlled
drug
release.
These
activate
release
under
specific
conditions
within
environment,
thereby
enhancing
efficacy
drugs
while
reducing
toxicity
cells.
Moreover,
simply
eliminating
cells
does
not
fundamentally
solve
problem.
Only
comprehensively
regulating
TME
make
it
unsuitable
cell
survival
proliferation
we
more
thorough
therapeutic
effects
reduce
risk
recurrence.
regulation
aim
suppress
metastasis
modulating
various
components
TME.
only
improve
treatment
outcomes
but
also
have
potential
lay
foundation
future
personalized
cancer
therapies.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 2, 2025
Higher
and
richer
nutrient
requirements
are
typical
features
that
distinguish
tumor
cells
from
AU:
cells,
ensuring
adequate
substrates
energy
sources
for
cell
proliferation
migration.
Therefore,
deprivation
strategies
based
on
targeted
technologies
can
induce
impaired
viability
in
which
more
sensitive
than
normal
cells.
In
this
review,
nutrients
required
by
related
metabolic
pathways
introduced,
anti-tumor
developed
to
target
described.
addition
the
nutritional
characteristics
of
other
microenvironment
(including
macrophages,
neutrophils,
natural
killer
T
cancer-associated
fibroblasts)
new
also
summarized.
conclusion,
recent
advances
targeting
blockade
reviewed,
challenges
prospects
these
discussed,
theoretical
significance
optimizing
clinical
application
nutrition
strategies.
