Emerging Microbes & Infections,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(1), P. 815 - 828
Published: Feb. 22, 2022
Increased
evidence
shows
that
gut
microbiota
acts
as
the
primary
regulator
of
liver;
however,
its
role
in
sepsis-related
liver
injury
(SLI)
elderly
is
unclear.
This
study
assessed
whether
metformin
could
attenuate
SLI
by
modulating
septic-aged
rats.
Cecal
ligation
and
puncture
(CLP)
was
used
to
induce
aged
Fecal
transplantation
(FMT)
validate
roles
these
pathologies.
The
composition
analysed
16S
rRNA
sequencing.
Moreover,
colon
tissues
were
histopathology,
immunofluorescence,
immunohistochemistry,
reverse
transcription
polymerase
chain
reaction
(RT-PCR).
Metformin
improved
damage,
barrier
dysfunction
sepsis-induced
inflammation
damage
under
microbiota.
Importantly,
FMT
assay
showed
rats
gavaged
with
faeces
from
metformin-treated
displayed
less
severe
dysfunctions
than
those
among
sham-operated,
CLP-operated
different.
In
particular,
proportion
Klebsiella
Escherichia_Shigella
higher
sham-operated
rats;
while
increase
Bifidobacterium,
Muribaculaceae,
Parabacteroides_distasonis
Alloprevitella
Additionally,
correlated
positively
inflammatory
factors
liver.
Our
findings
suggest
may
improve
regulating
alleviating
rats,
which
be
an
effective
therapy
for
SLI.
Journal of Hepatology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
72(3), P. 558 - 577
Published: Oct. 15, 2019
The
gut-liver
axis
refers
to
the
bidirectional
relationship
between
gut
and
its
microbiota,
liver,
resulting
from
integration
of
signals
generated
by
dietary,
genetic
environmental
factors.
This
reciprocal
interaction
is
established
portal
vein
which
enables
transport
gut-derived
products
directly
liver
feedback
route
bile
antibody
secretion
intestine.
intestinal
mucosal
vascular
barrier
functional
anatomical
structure
that
serves
as
a
playground
for
interactions
limiting
systemic
dissemination
microbes
toxins
while
allowing
nutrients
access
circulation
reach
liver.
control
microbial
communities
critical
maintaining
homeostasis
axis,
part
this
communication
shapes
communities.
Alcohol
disrupts
at
multiple
interconnected
levels,
including
microbiome,
mucus
barrier,
epithelial
level
antimicrobial
peptide
production,
increases
exposure
proinflammatory
environment
Growing
evidence
indicates
pathogenetic
role
microbe-derived
metabolites,
such
trimethylamine,
secondary
acids,
short-chain
fatty
acids
ethanol,
in
pathogenesis
non-alcoholic
disease.
Cirrhosis
itself
associated
with
profound
alterations
microbiota
damage
different
levels
defence
epithelial,
immune
barriers.
relevance
severe
disturbance
cirrhosis
has
been
linked
translocation
live
bacteria,
bacterial
infections
disease
progression.
identification
elements
primarily
damaged
each
chronic
offers
possibilities
intervention.
Beyond
antibiotics,
upcoming
therapies
centred
on
include
new
generations
probiotics,
metabolites
(postbiotics),
faecal
transplantation,
carbon
nanoparticles.
FXR-agonists
target
both
are
currently
being
tested
diseases.
Finally,
synthetic
biotic
medicines,
phages
specific
bacteria
or
create
physical
barriers
offer
therapeutic
approaches.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(4), P. 875 - 875
Published: April 3, 2020
Liver
fibrosis
due
to
viral
or
metabolic
chronic
liver
diseases
is
a
major
challenge
of
global
health.
Correlating
with
disease
progression,
key
factor
for
outcome
and
risk
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
Despite
different
mechanism
primary
injury
disease-specific
cell
responses,
the
progression
fibrotic
follows
shared
patterns
across
main
etiologies.
Scientific
discoveries
within
last
decade
have
transformed
understanding
mechanisms
fibrosis.
Removal
elimination
causative
agent
such
as
control
cure
infection
has
shown
that
reversible.
However,
reversal
often
occurs
too
slowly
infrequent
avoid
life-threatening
complications
particularly
in
advanced
Thus,
there
huge
unmet
medical
need
anti-fibrotic
therapies
prevent
HCC
development.
while
many
candidate
agents
robust
effects
experimental
animal
models,
their
clinical
trials
been
limited
absent.
no
approved
therapy
exists
In
this
review
we
summarize
cellular
drivers
molecular
fibrogenesis
discuss
impact
development
urgently
needed
therapies.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
18(23), P. 12836 - 12836
Published: Dec. 6, 2021
The
intestinal
mucosa
provides
a
selective
permeable
barrier
for
nutrient
absorption
and
protection
from
external
factors.
It
consists
of
epithelial
cells,
immune
cells
their
secretions.
gut
microbiota
participates
in
regulating
the
integrity
function
homeostatic
balance.
Pathogens,
xenobiotics
food
can
disrupt
barrier,
promoting
systemic
inflammation
tissue
damage.
Genetic
factors
predispose
individuals
to
dysfunction,
changes
composition
are
central
this
process.
progressive
identification
these
has
led
development
concept
‘leaky
syndrome’
‘gut
dysbiosis’,
which
underlie
relationship
between
impairment,
metabolic
diseases
autoimmunity.
Understanding
mechanisms
underlying
process
is
an
intriguing
subject
research
diagnosis
treatment
various
extraintestinal
diseases.
Allergy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
77(5), P. 1418 - 1449
Published: Feb. 2, 2022
Environmental
exposure
plays
a
major
role
in
the
development
of
allergic
diseases.
The
exposome
can
be
classified
into
internal
(e.g.,
aging,
hormones,
and
metabolic
processes),
specific
external
chemical
pollutants
or
lifestyle
factors),
general
broader
socioeconomic
psychological
contexts)
domains,
all
which
are
interrelated.
All
factors
we
exposed
to,
from
moment
conception
to
death,
part
exposome.
Several
hundreds
thousands
new
chemicals
have
been
introduced
modern
life
without
our
having
full
understanding
their
toxic
health
effects
ways
mitigate
these
effects.
Climate
change,
air
pollution,
microplastics,
tobacco
smoke,
changes
loss
biodiversity,
alterations
dietary
habits,
microbiome
due
modernization,
urbanization,
globalization
constitute
surrounding
environment
Some
disrupt
epithelial
barriers
skin
mucosal
surfaces,
disruptions
linked
last
few
decades
increasing
prevalence
severity
inflammatory
diseases
such
as
atopic
dermatitis,
food
allergy,
rhinitis,
chronic
rhinosinusitis,
eosinophilic
esophagitis,
asthma.
barrier
hypothesis
provides
mechanistic
explanation
how
explain
rapid
increase
autoimmune
In
this
review,
discuss
affecting
planet's
context
'epithelial
hypothesis,'
including
climate
emphasize
on
addition,
roles
increased
fatty
acid
consumption
environmental
substances
(detergents,
airborne
pollen,
ozone,
nanoparticles,
tobacco)
discussed.
Considering
emerging
data
recent
studies,
suggest
stringent
governmental
regulations,
global
policy
adjustments,
patient
education,
establishment
individualized
control
measures
threats
decrease
disease.
