Antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria: Occurrence, spread, and control

Journal of Basic Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 61(12), P. 1049 - 1070

Published: Oct. 14, 2021

Abstract The production and use of antibiotics are becoming increasingly common worldwide, the problem antibiotic resistance is increasing alarmingly. Drug‐resistant infections threaten human life health impose a heavy burden on global economy. origin molecular basis bacterial presence genes (ARGs). Investigations ARGs mostly focus environments in which frequently used, such as hospitals farms. This literature review summarizes current knowledge occurrence antibiotic‐resistant bacteria nonclinical environments, air, aircraft wastewater, migratory bird feces, sea areas in‐depth, have rarely been involved previous studies. Furthermore, mechanism action plasmid phage during horizontal gene transfer was analyzed, transmission summarized. highlights new mechanisms that enhance evolutionary background multidrug resistance; addition, some promising points for controlling or reducing spread antimicrobial also proposed.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Tetracycline Pollution on the Aquatic Environment and Removal Strategies

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 440 - 440

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Antibacterial drugs are among the most commonly used medications in world. Tetracycline is a widely antibiotic for human and animal therapy due to its broad-spectrum activity, high effectiveness, reasonable cost. The indications treatment with tetracycline include pneumonia, bone joint infections, infectious disorders of skin, sexually transmitted gastrointestinal infections. However, has become serious threat environment because overuse by humans veterinarians weak ability degrade. capable accumulating along food chain, causing toxicity microbial community, encouraging development spread resistance, creating threats drinking irrigation water, disrupting flora intestine. It essential address negative impact on environment, as it causes ecological imbalance. Ineffective wastewater systems main reasons increased concentrations aquatic sources. possible degrade breaking down into small molecules less harmful or nonhazardous effects. A range methods physical, chemical, biological degradation exists. review will discuss effects consumption describe available removal methods.

Language: Английский

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The Antibiotic Resistome: A Guide for the Discovery of Natural Products as Antimicrobial Agents

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(6), P. 3464 - 3494

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

The use of life-saving antibiotics has long been plagued by the ability pathogenic bacteria to acquire and develop an array antibiotic resistance mechanisms. sum these mechanisms, resistome, is a formidable threat discovery, development, use. study understanding molecular mechanisms in resistome provide basis for traditional approaches combat resistance, including semisynthetic modification naturally occurring scaffolds, development adjuvant therapies that overcome total synthesis new their analogues. Using two major classes antibiotics, aminoglycosides tetracyclines as case studies, we review success limitations strategies when used many forms have emerged toward natural product-based specifically. Furthermore, discuss guide genomics-driven discovery novel antimicrobials, which are essential growing number emerging pathogens resistant even newest approved therapies.

Language: Английский

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The removal of tetracycline from water using biochar produced from agricultural discarded material

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 751, P. 141755 - 141755

Published: Aug. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Metal-based nanoparticles in antibacterial application in biomedical field: Current development and potential mechanisms

Biomedical Microdevices, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract The rise in drug resistance pathogenic bacteria greatly endangers public health the post-antibiotic era, and drug-resistant currently pose a great challenge not only to community but also clinical procedures, including surgery, stent implantation, organ transplantation, other medical procedures involving any open wound compromised human immunity. Biofilm-associated failure, as well rapid last-resort antibiotics, necessitates search for novel treatments against bacterial infection. In recent years, flourishing development of nanotechnology has provided new insights exploiting promising alternative therapeutics bacteria. Metallic agents have been applied antibacterial usage several centuries, functional modification metal-based biomaterials using now attracted interest field, their intrinsic nature ready on-demand functionalization enhanced interaction with bacteria, rendering them good potential further translation. However, possible toxicity MNPs host cells tissue still hinders its application, current knowledge on cellular pathways is enough. This review will focus advances developing metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), silver, gold, copper, nanoparticles, applications, mechanisms hosts.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Antibiotic-Producing and Pathogenic Bacteria

Molecules, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 3430 - 3430

Published: Sept. 21, 2019

Antibiotic resistance poses a tremendous threat to human health. To overcome this problem, it is essential know the mechanism of antibiotic in antibiotic-producing and pathogenic bacteria. This paper deals with problem from four points view. First, genes producers are discussed related their biosynthesis. Most present within biosynthetic gene clusters, but some such as paromomycin acetyltransferases located far outside cluster. Second, when pathogens compared those producers, mechanisms have dependency on classes, and, addition, new types Eis aminoglycoside acetyltransferase self-sacrifice proteins enediyne antibiotics emerge pathogens. Third, relationships between reevaluated at amino acid sequence well nucleotide levels. Pathogenic bacteria possess other than producers. In little different early stage use time, e.g., β-lactam Staphylococcus aureus. Lastly, guanine + cytosine (GC) barrier transfer considered. Now, constitute resistome composed complicated mixture divergent environments.

Language: Английский

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Recent development in the sustainable remediation of antibiotics: A review

Total Environment Research Themes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3-4, P. 100008 - 100008

Published: July 26, 2022

Antibiotics are identified as an emerging contaminant due to their persistence in the environment. Antibiotics, accumulation freshwater sources and wastewater have become a pollutant of concern. Every year million tons these contaminants discharged into water bodies. Through, feces urine humans animals, antibiotics metabolites enter Aquatic ecosystems exposed persistent pollutants they escape treatment process. Excessive usage has resulted generation antibiotic-resistant genes bacteria To maintain vitality environment, it becomes imperative mitigate toxic metabolites. avoid adverse consequences on non-target organisms, removal from environment is vital. Various remediation methods such conventional including ion exchange, precipitation used for degradation, however, efficacy traditional limited production sludge high cost maintenance. Biological bioremediation phytoremediation sustainable strategies eradicate antibiotics, hence widely. There many reviews antibiotic using microbes antibiotics. But not all can be remediated microorganisms, so there need more recent strategies. In present review, web-based search literature published between 2010 2022 carried out. Previous studies reported that living organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants could utilized degradation degraded may get affected by factors inoculum size, microbial strain, culture conditions. Therefore, techniques use fuel cells, biochar, sawdust possible For elimination recalcitrant combined processes seem efficient permanent solution bypassing toxicity

Language: Английский

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Development of organic photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Biomaterials Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(15), P. 5108 - 5128

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This review mainly summarises the recent progress in development of organic photosensitizers, including porphyrins, chlorophyll, phenothiazines, xanthenes and aggregation-induced emission for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing the stability of antimicrobial peptides: From design strategies to applications

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 475, P. 145923 - 145923

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Constructing and deconstructing the bacterial cell wall

Protein Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 629 - 646

Published: Oct. 6, 2019

The history of modern medicine cannot be written apart from the antibiotics. Antibiotics are cytotoxic secondary metabolites that isolated Nature. antibacterial antibiotics disproportionately target bacterial protein structure is distinct eukaryotic structure, notably within ribosome and pathways for cell-wall biosynthesis (for which there not a counterpart). This review focuses on pre-eminent class antibiotics-the β-lactams, exemplified by penicillins cephalosporins-from perspective evolving mechanisms resistance. mechanism action β-lactams destruction. In monoderm (single membrane, Gram-positive staining) pathogen Staphylococcus aureus dominant resistance expression β-lactam-unreactive transpeptidase enzyme functions in construction. diderm (dual Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (among several) hydrolytic destroys critical β-lactam ring antibiotic. key sensing used P. monitoring molecular difference between construction deconstruction. both bacteria, manifested only when bacteria detect presence β-lactams. summarizes how sensed manifested, with expectation preventing these processes will to future chemotherapeutic control multidrug resistant bacteria.

Language: Английский

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