Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Abstract Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was once endemic in west and central Africa caused by monkeypox virus. However, cases recently have been confirmed many nonendemic countries outside of Africa. WHO declared the ongoing outbreak to be public health emergency international concern on July 23, 2022, context COVID-19 pandemic. The rapidly increasing number could pose threat community. Here, we review epidemiology monkeypox, virus reservoirs, novel transmission patterns, mutations mechanisms viral infection, clinical characteristics, laboratory diagnosis treatment measures. In addition, strategies for prevention, such as vaccination smallpox vaccine, also included. Current epidemiological data indicate high frequency human-to-human lead further outbreaks, especially among men who sex with men. development antiviral drugs vaccines against urgently needed, despite some therapeutic effects currently used clinic. We provide useful information improve understanding give guidance government relative agency prevent control spread

Language: Английский

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Monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak during COVID‐19 pandemic—Past and the future

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(4)

Published: March 23, 2023

Monkeypox infection (Mpox) is caused by the Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) genus of Poxviridae family, closely resembling its more famous sibling smallpox. Recently World Health Organization (WHO), have renamed monkeypox as Mpox citing racial concerns, so we will be referring to Mpox. There has been a recent outbreak in May 2022 when cases were identified all six WHO regions. On July 23, 2022, declared it public health emergency. Before current outbreak, had reported people from several parts central and west African countries; almost outside Africa linked international travel countries where disease commonly occurs or through imported animals. With waning smallpox vaccine-induced immunity, can spread global population. Though virus generally does not cause high mortality immunocompetent individuals, however, severe may result if spreads immunocompromised children, elderly pregnant women, individuals living with comorbidities such diabetes. The transmission was suspected occurred sexual activity 95% persons infection. It found that 98% either gay bisexual men, 41% suffering HIV reasons behind this epidemiological behavior studied further formulate hypothesis that, homosexuals who need concerned concern, changing behaviour sexually transmitted infection? rash, along associated lymphadenopathy, clue toward infection, but polymerase chain reaction needed for confirmative diagnosis. discovery vaccine, repurposed antivirals, precautionary steps prevent might help containment virus. In addition, what already know about re-evaluated, because most information gathered low-resource settings Africa. world at large care agencies specifically needs galvanize well-funded plan research initiatives contain article, attempted make readers aware biology, etiopathogenesis including changes cellular level causing, trends transmission, clinical manifestations. We also elaborate on potential challenges early diagnosis outbreak. This could achieved effectieve use vaccination taking social safety measures, especially communities risk.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR–Cas12‐based field‐deployable system for rapid detection of synthetic DNA sequence of the monkeypox virus genome

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

The global outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) highlights need for rapid and cost-effective MPXV detection tools to effectively monitor control disease. Herein, we demonstrated a portable CRISPR-Cas-based system naked-eye MPXV. harnesses high selectivity CRISPR-Cas12 isothermal nucleic acid amplification potential recombinase polymerase amplification. It can detect both current circulating clade original clades. We reached limit (LoD) 22.4 aM (13.5 copies/µl) using microtiter plate reader, while visual LoD is 75 (45 in two-step assay, which further reduced 25 (15 one-pot system. compared our results with quantitative chain reaction obtained satisfactory consistency. For clinical application, sensitive precise method attomolar sensitivity sample-to-answer time 35 min.

Language: Английский

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Monkeypox outbreak 2022: What we know so far and its potential drug targets and management strategies

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. The can result in flu-like symptoms, fever, and persistent rash. currently spreading throughout world prevention treatment efforts are being intensified. Although there no that has been specifically approved for virus infection, infected patients may benefit from using certain antiviral medications typically prescribed of smallpox. drugs tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir, all which short supply due to spread Resistance also concern, as widespread replication lead mutations produce viruses resistant available treatments. This article discusses disease, potential drug targets, management strategies overcome disease. With discovery new drugs, it hoped problem insufficient will be resolved, not anticipated resistance become major issue near future.

Language: Английский

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Monkeypox Vaccine Hesitancy in French Men Having Sex with Men with PrEP or Living with HIV in France

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1629 - 1629

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

People with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or living HIV are a high-risk population for monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection. It is important to achieve high MPXV vaccination coverage rates in this group. This project used self-reporting assess vaccine hesitancy the smallpox and acceptance among men having sex PrEP HIV. In total, 52 (33.6%) participants 155 declared their be vaccinated against MPXV. Moreover, 20.7% patients hesitant attitude towards compared 40.2% of patients, p = 0.013. difference remained not significant after adjustment age (p 0.119) both number different sexual partners 0.406). Among people, those who expressed concerns about people getting more vaccines than needed 0.012) were less likely accept vaccination, whereas an increased during previous month was significantly associated 0.034). being infected by < 0.001), that should compulsory at risk 0.001) 0.018) higher vaccination. Our results suggest strategy would efficient France communication emphasizing benefits potential infection health people. Other preventive actions implemented, including reduction partners.

Language: Английский

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Insights into monkeypox pathophysiology, global prevalence, clinical manifestation and treatments

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 21, 2023

On 23rd July 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized ongoing monkeypox outbreak as a public medical crisis. Monkeypox virus (MPV), etiological agent of monkeypox, is zoonotic, linear, double-stranded DNA virus. In 1970, Democratic Republic Congo reported first case MPV infection. Human-to-human transmission can happen through sexual contact, inhaled droplets, or skin-to-skin contact. Once inoculated, viruses multiply rapidly and spread into bloodstream to cause viremia, which then affect multiple organs, including skin, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, lungs, liver. By September 9, more than 57,000 cases had been in 103 locations, especially Europe United States. Infected patients are characterized by physical symptoms such red rash, fatigue, backache, muscle aches, headache, fever. A variety strategies available for orthopoxviruses, monkeypox. prevention following smallpox vaccine has shown up 85% efficacy, several antiviral drugs, Cidofovir Brincidofovir, may slow viral spread. this article, we review origin, pathophysiology, global epidemiology, clinical manifestation, possible treatments prevent propagation provide cues generate specific drugs.

Language: Английский

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Proteomics-based vaccine targets annotation and design of subunit and mRNA-based vaccines for Monkeypox virus (MPXV) against the recent outbreak

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 106893 - 106893

Published: April 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Willingness to accept monkeypox vaccine and its correlates among men who have sex with men in Southern China: a web-based online cross-sectional study

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Background The May 2022 global outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) poses a threat to the health men who have sex with men. However, there is limited data on willingness MSM receive vaccination in Southern China. This study aimed assess knowledge MPX, concerns regarding and vaccination, as well their correlates, among Methods We conducted Web-based online survey China from August September 2022. Data were collected socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, worries, MPX vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression was employed explore factors associated Results A total 1903 participants completed survey. Among them, approximately 69.9% reported being aware awareness, 94.1% supported promotion majority (91.4%) expressed Participants considered safe [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.82, 95% CI: 1.35–17.18], agreed necessity government (aOR 6.03, 1.07–33.93), believed prioritizing for 5.01, 1.10–22.71), had friends or sexual partners already received smallpox 10.37, 2.11–50.99) are more likely be vaccinated. Conversely, married individuals 0.13, 0.03–0.47), those engaging anal 4–6 times per week past 3 months 0.26, 0.09–0.77) hesitancy toward Conclusion There high vaccine can effectively mitigated by addressing about its safety potential adverse reactions. Moreover, increasing acceptance peers crucial, social influence significantly impacts attitudes behaviors.

Language: Английский

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A review on insights and lessons from COVID-19 to the prevent of monkeypox pandemic

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 50, P. 102441 - 102441

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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Monkeypox: An Update on Current Knowledge and Research Advances

Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 679 - 688

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

The resurgence of the disease in humans that is very similar to smallpox called monkeypox (MPX) disease, caused by virus (MPXV), dominant topic discussion scientific and popular press around world right now. This taking place as celebrates historic accomplishments made fight against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic MPX currently thought pose a risk general public's health, particularly areas with high rates MPXV infection close human-wild animal contact. Despite rarity outbreaks, they are often human-to-human transmission, especially households healthcare settings. Recent decades have seen recurrent outbreaks after was declared eliminated consequent cessation vaccination programs. has presently spread several countries throughout posed global public health emergency, nearly 45000 confirmed cases 96 locations, 12 deaths August 24, 2022. Even though this viral illness be self-limiting, its consequences feasible potential seriously jeopardize health. main approach avoiding adopt appropriate prevention control measures, increase awareness factors, inform steps may take reduce exposure. Scientific studies looking at viability suitability vaccination. article presents introduction / along progress diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, strategies for tackling emergency.

Language: Английский

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