Monkeypox (mpox) virus: Classification, origin, transmission, genome organization, antiviral drugs, and molecular diagnosis

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 531 - 541

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a double-stranded DNA belonging to the Poxviridae family of genus Orthopoxvirus with two different clades known as West African and Congo Basin. (MPX) zoonosis that arises from MPXV causes smallpox-like disease. The endemic disease status MPX was updated an outbreak worldwide in 2022. Thus, condition declared global health emergency independent travel issues, accounting for primary reason its prevalence outside Africa. In addition identified transmission mediators through animal-to-human human-to-human, especially sexual among men who have sex came prominence 2022 outbreak. Although severity differ depending on age gender, some symptoms are commonly observed. Clinical signs such fever, muscle headache pain, swollen lymph nodes, skin rashes defined body regions standard indicator first step diagnosis. By following clinical signs, laboratory diagnostic tests like conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR (RT-PCR) most common accurate methods. Antiviral drugs tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir used symptomatic treatment. There no MPXV-specific vaccine; however, currently available vaccines against smallpox enhance immunization rate. This comprehensive review covers history current state knowledge by assessing broad topics views related origin, transmission, epidemiology, severity, genome organization evolution, diagnosis, treatment, prevention.

Language: Английский

---

Ultrasensitive and Specific Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Empowered a Plasmonic Fiber Tip System for Amplification-Free Monkeypox Virus Detection and Genotyping

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(13), P. 12903 - 12914

Published: June 29, 2023

The urgent necessity for highly sensitive diagnostic tools has been accentuated by the ongoing mpox (monkeypox) virus pandemic due to complexity in identifying asymptomatic and presymptomatic carriers. Traditional polymerase chain reaction-based tests, despite their effectiveness, are hampered limited specificity, expensive bulky equipment, labor-intensive operations, time-consuming procedures. In this study, we present a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a-based platform with surface plasmon resonance-based fiber tip (CRISPR-SPR-FT) biosensor. compact CRISPR-SPR-FT biosensor, 125 μm diameter, offers high stability portability, enabling exceptional specificity diagnosis precise identification of samples fatal mutation site (L108F)

Language: Английский

---

Ultrasensitive single-step CRISPR detection of monkeypox virus in minutes with a vest-pocket diagnostic device

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 16, 2024

Abstract The emerging monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concern, thereby highlighting the need for rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use diagnostics. Here, we develop a single-step CRISPR-based diagnostic platform, termed SCOPE (Streamlined CRISPR On Pod Evaluation platform), field-deployable ultrasensitive detection of MPXV in resource-limited settings. viral nucleic acids are rapidly released from rash fluid swab, oral saliva, urine samples 2 min via streamlined lysis protocol, followed by 10-min recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-CRISPR/Cas13a reaction. A pod-shaped vest-pocket analysis device achieves whole process reaction execution, signal acquisition, result interpretation. can detect as low 0.5 copies/µL (2.5 copies/reaction) within 15 sample input to answer. We validate developed assay on 102 clinical male patients / volunteers, testing results 100% concordant with real-time PCR. single-molecular level sensitivity minutes simplified procedure performed miniaturized wireless device, which is expected spur substantial progress enable practice application diagnostics techniques point-of-care setting.

Language: Английский

---

Deep hybrid model for Mpox disease diagnosis from skin lesion images

International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(2)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract This research presents DNLR‐NET, a novel model designed for automated and accurate diagnosis of MPox disease. The model's performance is constructed validated using carefully collected dataset from online repositories. DNLR‐NET begins by extracting deep features the DenseNet201 pre‐trained model, which exhibited superior compared to other models during comparison. obtained each dense layer are then used train six classifiers, among logistic regression showcases best with extracted deep, feature. A comparative study earlier advanced CNN classifying same demonstrates that achieves an impressive accuracy 97.55%, outperforming base only attains 95.91% accuracy. emphasizes efficacy combining regression. Grid Search algorithm employed optimal hyperparameter extraction, creating multiple unified feature sets achieving highest classification fusion yields results ensemble techniques such as random forest support vector machines also reduces training time complexity. surpasses existing models, ML demonstrating its effectiveness potential clinical implementation in diagnosing MPox. promising outcomes advantage learning algorithms, particularly transfer learning, highlight significance adopting methodologies CNN‐based settings. Researchers clinicians strongly encouraged explore implement these improve efficiency diagnosis.

Language: Английский

---

CRISPR/Cas12a-based biosensors for environmental monitoring and diagnostics

Environmental Technology & Innovation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 103625 - 103625

Published: April 4, 2024

Contaminants, such as nucleic acids or toxic small molecules, threaten both human health and ecosystems when they infiltrate the environment. The precise highly sensitive identification of contaminants holds paramount importance across diverse domains, including safeguarding food integrity, facilitating clinical diagnostics, monitoring environmental conditions. Traditional methodologies, encompassing spectroscopy, chromatography, sequencing, metagenomics, have conventionally served pivotal roles in detection processes. Nevertheless, these methods encountered recurring challenges related to sensitivity, specificity, portability. This review focuses on groundbreaking CRISPR/Cas12-based biosensors. These biosensors leverage incredible precision programmability CRISPR/Cas system recognize specific targets. Here, we comprehensively assess fundamental mechanisms that enable detection, ranging from guide RNA design collateral cleavage. versatility CRISPR/Cas12 becomes evident through their applications. applications encompass medical safety, monitoring. transition conventional ultimately represents a significant milestone contaminant detection. By incorporating molecular biology, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, potential reshape landscape water CRIPSR-Cas diagnostics is transformative technology paves way for safer healthier future environment life.

Language: Английский

---

PathoGD: an integrative genomics approach to primer and guide RNA design for CRISPR-based diagnostics

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Critical to the success of CRISPR-based diagnostic assays is selection a target highly specific organism interest, process often requiring iterative cycles manual selection, optimisation, and redesign. Here we present PathoGD, bioinformatic pipeline for rapid high-throughput design RPA primers gRNAs CRISPR-Cas12a-based pathogen detection. PathoGD fully automated, leverages publicly available sequences scalable large datasets, allowing continuous monitoring validation primer/gRNA sets ensure ongoing assay relevance. We designed five clinically relevant bacterial pathogens, experimentally validated subset designs detecting Streptococcus pyogenes and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae in with without pre-amplification. demonstrated high specificity designed, minimal off-target signal observed all combinations. anticipate will be an important resource current emerging pathogens. on GitHub at https://github.com/sjlow23/pathogd .

Language: Английский

---

Genomics for Emerging Pathogen Identification and Monitoring: Prospects and Obstacles

BioMedInformatics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 1145 - 1177

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose an increasingly significant global burden, driven by urbanization, population explosion, travel, changes in human behavior, and inadequate public health systems. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlights the urgent need for innovative robust technologies to effectively monitor newly emerging pathogens. Rapid identification, epidemiological surveillance, transmission mitigation are crucial challenges ensuring safety. Genomics has emerged as a pivotal tool during pandemics, enabling diagnosis, management, prediction of infections, well analysis identification cross-species interactions categorization agents. Recent advancements high-throughput DNA sequencing tools have facilitated rapid precise characterization This review article provides insights into latest advances various genomic techniques pathogen detection tracking their applications outbreak surveillance. We assess methods that leverage sequences explore role understanding epidemiology diseases. Additionally, we address technical limitations, ethical legal considerations, highlight opportunities integrating genomics with other surveillance approaches. By delving prospects obstacles genomics, can gain valuable its mitigating threats posed pathogens improving preparedness face future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

---

Mpox: a review of laboratory detection techniques

Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 168(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Abstract Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which, like smallpox, characterised skin rashes. While the world currently grappling with coronavirus 2019 pandemic, appearance of MPXV has presented global threat and raised concerns worldwide. Since May 2022, spread rapidly in non-endemic mpox areas. As 27 June 2023, to more than 112 countries regions, over 88,060 laboratory-confirmed cases 147 deaths. Thus, measures control epidemic are urgently needed. principal methods for identifying monitoring mpox, laboratory detection techniques play an important role diagnosis. This review summarises currently-used detection, discusses progress improving these methods, compares benefits limitations various diagnostic methods. Currently, nucleic acid amplification tests, such as polymerase chain reaction, most commonly used. Immunological have also been applied diagnose disease, which can help us discover new features MPXV, improve accuracy, track trends, guide future prevention strategies, vital controlling epidemics. provides resource scientific community should stimulate research development alternative diagnostics be this public health crises.

Language: Английский

---

CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated ultrasensitive and on-site monkeypox viral testing

Analytical Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(17), P. 2105 - 2113

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The RAA-Cas12a-MPXV assay via fluorescence reader and lateral flow strip.

Language: Английский

---

Sensitive and specific CRISPR-Cas12a assisted nanopore with RPA for Monkeypox detection

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 115866 - 115866

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

---