Brain Imaging and Stimulation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
3, P. e5952 - e5952
Published: Oct. 15, 2024
INTRODUCTION:
Despite
being
considered
least
important
for
clinical
practice
in
the
pyramid
of
evidence
recommendations,
sometimes
scientists'
expert
opinions
could
help
to
better
understand
summarization
updated
publications.
OBJECTIVE:
To
provide
a
major
summarized
update
about
brain
imaging
and
stimulation
nervous
system
health
disease.
METHODS:
Comprehensive
review
developed
by
experts
each
subarea
knowledge
neuroimaging
non-invasive
system.
A
team
researchers
clinic
was
invited
present
an
on
their
area
expertise.
RESULTS:
In
basics
techniques,
we
approach
general
quantitative
electroencephalography,
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging,
near-infrared
spectroscopy,
experimental
paradigms
studies.
Were
included
associations
between
transcranial
electromyography,
evaluate
activity.
Furthermore,
showed
several
actualized
central
peripheral
neuromodulation
techniques.
And
finally,
presented
different
performance
uses
neuromodulation.
CONCLUSION:
our
knowledge,
this
is
concentrated
that
can
benefit
neuroscience
clinicians
from
levels
experience.
Clinical Neurophysiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
150, P. 131 - 175
Published: March 30, 2023
The
review
provides
a
comprehensive
update
(previous
report:
Chen
R,
Cros
D,
Curra
A,
Di
Lazzaro
V,
Lefaucheur
JP,
Magistris
MR,
et
al.
clinical
diagnostic
utility
of
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation:
report
an
IFCN
committee.
Clin
Neurophysiol
2008;119(3):504-32)
on
stimulation
(TMS)
in
neurological
diseases.
Most
TMS
measures
rely
motor
cortex
and
recording
evoked
potentials.
Paired-pulse
techniques,
incorporating
conventional
amplitude-based
threshold
tracking,
have
established
neurodegenerative,
movement,
episodic
(epilepsy,
migraines),
chronic
pain
functional
Cortical
hyperexcitability
has
emerged
as
aid
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis.
Single-pulse
are
stroke,
myelopathy
even
the
absence
radiological
changes.
Short-latency
afferent
inhibition,
related
to
central
cholinergic
transmission,
is
reduced
Alzheimer's
disease.
triple
technique
(TST)
may
enhance
detect
upper
neuron
involvement.
potentials
can
be
used
perform
mapping
or
preoperative
assessment
eloquent
brain
regions
before
surgical
resection
tumors.
exhibits
assessing
lumbosacral/cervical
nerve
root
function,
especially
demyelinating
neuropathies,
localizing
site
facial
palsies.
also
high
sensitivity
detecting
subclinical
corticospinal
lesions
multiple
Abnormalities
conduction
time
TST
correlate
with
impairment
disability
MS.
Cerebellar
cerebellum
cerebello-dentato-thalamo-motor
cortical
pathways.
Combining
electroencephalography,
novel
method
measure
parameters
altered
disorders,
including
excitability,
effective
connectivity,
response
complexity.
NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
258, P. 119351 - 119351
Published: June 2, 2022
Diagnosis
and
management
of
chronic
neuropathic
pain
are
challenging,
leading
to
current
efforts
characterize
'objective'
biomarkers
using
imaging
or
neurophysiological
techniques,
such
as
electroencephalography
(EEG).
A
systematic
literature
review
was
conducted
in
PubMed-Medline
Web-of-Science
until
October
2021
identify
EEG
humans.
The
risk
bias
assessed
by
the
Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale.
Experimental,
provoked,
non-neuropathic
studies
were
excluded.
We
identified
14
studies,
which
resting-state
spectral
analysis
compared
between
patients
with
related
a
neurological
disease
same
but
without
healthy
controls.
From
these
heterogeneous
exploratory
some
conclusions
can
be
drawn,
even
if
they
must
weighted
fact
that
confounding
factors,
medication
association
anxio-depressive
disorders,
generally
not
taken
into
account.
Overall,
signal
power
increased
θ
band
(4-7Hz)
possibly
high-β
(20-30Hz),
decreased
high-α−low-β
(10-20Hz)
presence
ongoing
pain,
while
γ
oscillations
evidenced,
unlike
experimental
pain.
Consequently,
dominant
peak
frequency
θ-α
whole-β
patients.
Disappointingly,
intensity
correlated
various
changes
across
no
consistent
trend.
This
also
discusses
location
regional
pain-related
connectome,
perspectives
offered
advanced
techniques
(source
location,
connectivity,
classification
methods
based
on
artificial
intelligence).
provided
particular
interest
for
optimizing
treatment
neuromodulation
transcranial
alternating
stimulation
neurofeedback
procedures.
Journal of Neuroscience Methods,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
380, P. 109677 - 109677
Published: July 21, 2022
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
combined
with
electroencephalography
(TMS-EEG)
allows
measuring
non-invasively
the
electrical
response
of
human
cerebral
cortex
to
a
direct
perturbation.
Complementing
TMS-EEG
structural
neuronavigation
tool
(nTMS-EEG)
is
key
for
accurately
selecting
cortical
areas,
targeting
them,
and
adjusting
parameters
based
on
some
relevant
anatomical
priors.
This
step,
together
employment
visualization
tools
designed
perform
quality
check
TMS-evoked
potentials
(TEPs)
in
real-time
during
data
acquisition,
pivotal
maximizing
impact
TMS
pulse
ensuring
highly
reproducible
measurements
within
sessions
across
subjects.
Moreover,
storing
system
can
help
replicating
experimental
sharing
them
research
centers.
Finally,
systematic
studies
also
critical
standardize
clinical
populations
search
reliable
diagnostic
prognostic
TMS-EEG-based
biomarkers
neurological
psychiatric
disorders.
JCI Insight,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(4)
Published: Jan. 24, 2023
BACKGROUND.
Major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
can
benefit
from
novel
interventions
and
personalization.
Deep
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(Deep
TMS)
targeting
the
lateral
prefrontal
cortex
(LPFC)
using
H1
coil
was
FDA
cleared
for
treatment
of
MDD.
However,
recent
preliminary
data
indicate
that
medial
(MPFC)
H7
might
induce
outcomes
are
as
good
or
even
better.
Here,
we
explored
whether
TMS
MPFC
is
noninferior
to
LPFC
electrophysiological
clinical
markers
patient
selection
be
identified.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: April 19, 2023
Abstract
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(rTMS)
is
an
established
treatment
for
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
and
shows
promise
posttraumatic
stress
(PTSD),
yet
effectiveness
varies.
Electroencephalography
(EEG)
can
identify
rTMS-associated
brain
changes.
EEG
oscillations
are
often
examined
using
averaging
approaches
that
mask
finer
time-scale
dynamics.
Recent
advances
show
some
emerge
as
transient
increases
in
power,
a
phenomenon
termed
“Spectral
Events,”
event
characteristics
correspond
with
cognitive
functions.
We
applied
Spectral
Event
analyses
to
potential
biomarkers
of
effective
rTMS
treatment.
Resting
8-electrode
was
collected
from
23
patients
MDD
PTSD
before
after
5
Hz
targeting
the
left
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex.
Using
open-source
toolbox
(
https://github.com/jonescompneurolab/SpectralEvents
),
we
quantified
features
tested
associated
Events
delta/theta
(1–6
Hz),
alpha
(7–14
beta
(15–29
Hz)
bands
occurred
all
patients.
rTMS-induced
improvement
comorbid
were
pre-
post-treatment
changes
fronto-central
electrode
features,
including
frontal
frequency
spans
durations,
central
maxima
power.
Furthermore,
pre-treatment
duration
correlated
negatively
symptom
improvement.
Beta
events
may
provide
new
clinical
response
advance
understanding
rTMS.
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
58(8), P. 3785 - 3809
Published: Aug. 31, 2023
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(TMS)-evoked
potentials
(TEPs)
are
a
promising
proxy
for
measuring
effective
connectivity,
that
is,
the
directed
transmission
of
physiological
signals
along
cortico-cortical
tracts,
and
developing
connectivity-based
biomarkers.
A
crucial
point
is
how
parameters
may
affect
TEPs,
as
they
contribute
to
general
variability
findings
across
studies.
Here,
we
manipulated
two
TMS
(i.e.
current
direction
pulse
waveform)
while
(a)
an
early
TEP
component
reflecting
contralateral
inhibition
motor
areas,
namely,
M1-P15,
operative
model
interhemispheric
(b)
motor-evoked
(MEP)
corticospinal
pathway.
Our
results
showed
these
evoke
influencing
its
amplitude,
latency,
replicability.
Specifically,
M1-P15
amplitude
was
strongly
affected
by
in
monophasic
stimulation;
latency
significantly
modulated
biphasic
pulses.
The
replicability
substantial
same
condition.
At
time,
it
poor
when
were
changed,
suggesting
factors
must
be
controlled
obtain
stable
single-subject
measures.
Finally,
MEP
direction,
whereas
non-statistically
significant
changes
evident
amplitude.
Overall,
our
study
highlights
importance
responses
recording
suggests
controlling
their
impact
connectivity
biomarkers
from
TEPs.
Moreover,
out
excitability
tract,
which
commonly
used
reference
set
intensity,
not
correspond
pathways.
Human Brain Mapping,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
44(8), P. 3446 - 3460
Published: March 10, 2023
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(TMS)
with
electroencephalography
(EEG),
that
is
TMS-EEG,
may
assist
in
managing
epilepsy.
We
systematically
reviewed
the
quality
of
reporting
and
findings
TMS-EEG
studies
on
people
epilepsy
healthy
controls,
individuals
taking
anti-seizure
medication.
searched
Cochrane
Library,
Embase,
PubMed
Web
Science
databases
for
original
comparing
subjects
before
after
Studies
should
involve
quantitative
analyses
TMS-evoked
EEG
responses.
evaluated
study
population
characteristics
protocols
(TMS
sessions
equipment,
TMS
trials
protocol),
assessed
variation
between
protocols,
recorded
main
findings.
identified
20
articles
14
unique
populations
methodologies.
The
median
rate
group
parameters
was
3.5/7
13/14
studies.
varied
Fifteen
out
28
medication
total
were
time-domain
single-pulse
data.
Anti-seizure
significantly
increased
N45,
decreased
N100
P180
component
amplitudes
but
marginal
numbers
(N45:
8/15,
N100:
7/15,
P180:
6/15).
Eight
compared
controls
using
different
analyses,
thus
limiting
comparability.
methodological
uniformity
evaluating
as
an
biomarker
poor.
inconsistent
question
validity
biomarker.
To
demonstrate
clinical
applicability,
methodology
standards
are
required.
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(11), P. 1092 - 1092
Published: Oct. 30, 2024
In
the
past
five
years,
repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(rTMS)
has
evolved
significantly,
driven
by
advancements
in
device
design,
treatment
protocols,
software
integration,
and
brain-computer
interfaces
(BCIs).
This
review
evaluates
how
these
innovations
enhance
safety,
efficacy,
accessibility
of
rTMS
while
identifying
key
challenges
such
as
protocol
standardization
ethical
considerations.
A
structured
peer-reviewed
studies
from
2019
to
2024
focused
on
technological
clinical
rTMS,
including
AI-driven
personalized
treatments,
portable
devices,
integrated
BCIs.
AI
algorithms
have
optimized
patient-specific
devices
expanded
access.
Enhanced
coil
designs
BCI
integration
offer
more
precise
adaptive
neuromodulation.
However,
remain
standardizing
addressing
complexity,
ensuring
equitable
While
recent
improve
rTMS's
utility,
gaps
long-term
efficacy
concerns
persist.
Future
research
must
prioritize
standardization,
accessibility,
robust
frameworks
ensure
sustainable
impact.