A systematic literature review on obesity: Understanding the causes & consequences of obesity and reviewing various machine learning approaches used to predict obesity

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 104754 - 104754

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Obesity is considered a principal public health concern and ranked as the fifth foremost reason for death globally. Overweight obesity are one of main lifestyle illnesses that leads to further concerns contributes numerous chronic diseases, including cancers, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization also predicted 30% in world will be initiated with diseases 2030 can stopped through suitable identification addressing associated risk factors behavioral involvement policies. Thus, detecting diagnosing early possible crucial. Therefore, machine learning approach promising solution predictions overweight because it offer quick, immediate, accurate condition likelihoods. present study conducted systematic literature review examine research techniques prevention treatment from 2010 2020. Accordingly, 93 papers identified articles primary studies an initial pool over 700 obesity. Consequently, this initially recognized significant potential influence cause adult Next, consequences investigated. Ultimately, methods used prediction Finally, seeks support decision-makers looking understand impact on general population identify outcomes guide authorities mitigate threats effectively obese people

Language: Английский

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Effect of High-Fat Diets on Oxidative Stress, Cellular Inflammatory Response and Cognitive Function

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 2579 - 2579

Published: Oct. 25, 2019

Cognitive dysfunction is linked to chronic low-grade inflammatory stress that contributes cell-mediated immunity in creating an oxidative environment. Food a vitally important energy source; it affects brain function and provides direct energy. Several studies have indicated high-fat consumption causes overproduction of circulating free fatty acids systemic inflammation. Immune cells, acids, cytokines reach the hypothalamus initiate local inflammation through processes such as microglial proliferation. Therefore, role diet (HFD) promoting neurodegeneration worthy further discussion. Of particular interest this article, we highlight associations molecular mechanisms HFD modulation cognitive deficits. Taken together, better understanding impairment following would provide useful approach for prevention dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Interplay Between the Gut-Brain Axis, Obesity and Cognitive Function

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 16, 2018

Obesity continues to be one of the major public health problems due its high prevalence and co-morbidities. Common co-morbidities not only include cardiometabolic disorders but also mood cognitive disorders. Obese subjects often show deficits in memory, learning executive functions compared normal weight subjects. Epidemiological studies indicate that obesity is associated with a higher risk developing depression anxiety, vice versa. These associations between pathologies presumably have different etiologies suggest shared pathological mechanisms. Gut microbiota mediating factor environmental pressures (e.g. diet, lifestyle) host physiology, alteration could partly explain cross-link those pathologies. Westernized dietary patterns are known cause epidemic, which promotes dysbiotic drift gut microbiota; this, turn, seems contribute obesity-related complications. Experimental animal models and, lesser extent, humans obesity-associated may endocrine, neurochemical inflammatory alterations underlying comorbidities. dysregulation HPA-axis overproduction glucocorticoids, levels neuroactive metabolites neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids) activation pro-inflammatory milieu can neuro-inflammation. This review updates current knowledge about role mode action energy metabolism, function.

Language: Английский

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Role of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Cells, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 706 - 706

Published: March 13, 2020

Obesity has been described as a global epidemic and is low-grade chronic inflammatory disease that arises consequence of energy imbalance. increases the risk type 2 diabetes (T2D), by mechanisms are not entirely clarified. Elevated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines free fatty acids (FFA) during obesity cause insulin resistance ß-cell dysfunction, two main features T2D, which both aggravated with progressive development hyperglycemia. The kinase c-jun N-terminal (JNK) responds to various cellular stress signals activated cytokines, hyperglycemia, key mediator in transition between T2D. Specifically, JNK mediates therefore potential target for T2D therapy.

Language: Английский

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An Insight into Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1398 - 1398

Published: May 8, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prominent neurodegenerative disorder in aging population. It characterized by cognitive decline, gradual neurodegeneration, and development of amyloid-β (Aβ)-plaques neurofibrillary tangles, which constitute hyperphosphorylated tau. The early stages neurodegeneration AD include loss neurons, followed synaptic impairment. Since discovery AD, substantial factual research has surfaced that outlines disease’s causes, molecular mechanisms, prospective therapeutics, but a successful cure for not yet been discovered. This may be attributed to complicated pathogenesis absence well-defined mechanism, constrained diagnostic resources treatment options. To address aforementioned challenges, extensive modeling essential fully comprehend underlying mechanisms making it easier design develop effective strategies. Emerging evidence over past few decades supports critical role Aβ tau participation glial cells different cellular pathways. review extensively discusses current understanding concerning Aβ- tau-associated dysfunction AD. Moreover, risk factors associated with including genetics, aging, environmental variables, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, viral/bacterial infections, psychiatric have summarized. present study will entice researchers more thoroughly explore status mechanism assist drug forthcoming era.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic targeting of obesity-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Excessive fat storage in obesity promotes the progressive infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, resulting release pro-inflammatory factors such as cytokines adipokines. These inflammatory mediators circulate through bloodstream, propagating inflammation both periphery central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis, which results leaky intestinal barrier, exacerbates plays significant role linking pathogenesis neurodegeneration gut-brain/gut-brain-liver axis. Inflammatory states within brain can lead insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, autolysosomal increased oxidative stress. disruptions impair normal neuronal function subsequently cognitive decline motor deficits, similar pathologies observed neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease. Understanding underlying disease mechanisms crucial for developing therapeutic strategies address defects these metabolic pathways. In this review, we summarize provide insights different strategies, methods alter gut lifestyle changes, dietary supplementation, well pharmacological agents derived from natural sources, that target obesity-induced

Language: Английский

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Flavonoids as antiobesity agents: A review

Medicinal Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 556 - 585

Published: Oct. 20, 2020

Obesity is a global health problem that affects all age groups in both developing and developed countries. In recent years, the prevalence of overweight obesity has reached pandemic levels, resulting dramatic increase incidence various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, consequently leading to massive socioeconomic burdens. Together with lifestyle changes, antiobesity pharmacotherapy gaining momentum an adjunctive treatment. However, available pharmacological approaches have limited use owing either significant adverse effects or low efficacy. Over natural products been important source lead compounds for drug discovery. Among these, flavonoids are associated biological health-promoting activities. this review, we discuss modulatory on their potential mechanisms action. The literature strongly suggests most common demonstrate pronounced effect shown by ability lower body weight, fat mass, plasma triglycerides/cholesterol, vitro vivo models. impact can be observed through different mechanisms: reducing food intake absorption, increasing energy expenditure, modulating lipid metabolism, regulating gut microbiota profile. A better understanding known will enable treat medical condition. Therefore, review focuses putative which may prevent highlights new perspectives future use.

Language: Английский

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Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 28, 2020

Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role the development of this disease. associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington diseases) neurodevelopmental (autism disorder, schizophrenia, Fragile X syndrome). Some that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, diet. Interestingly, some these shared diseases. impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal affects cognitive function mental health offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative damage, among others, leading impaired brain or cell death. Obesogenic not only factors influence In fact, implicated leptin-melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, TRKB, etc.) last decades, discovery new (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, others), (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, others) had opened pathways comprehend conclusion, obesogenic conditions, genes, interaction gene-environment would better understanding etiology

Language: Английский

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Nrf2/ARE Pathway Modulation by Dietary Energy Regulation in Neurological Disorders

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 3, 2019

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of an array enzymes with important detoxifying and antioxidant functions. Current findings support role high levels oxidative stress in pathogenesis neurological disorders. Given central played by Nrf2 counteracting damage, a number studies have targeted modulation this transcription order to confer neuroprotection. activity is tightly regulated energy-based stimuli. Thus many dietary interventions based on energy intake regulation, such as restriction (DER) or high-fat diet (HFD), modulate consequences for variety cellular processes that affect brain health. DER, either restricting calorie meal frequency, activates thereby triggering its protective effects, whilst HFD inhibit pathway, exacerbating stress. Consequently, DER protocols can be valuable strategies management nervous system (CNS) Herein, we review current knowledge signaling diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's multiple sclerosis cerebral ischemia, well potential regulation signaling.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 2393 - 2393

Published: Aug. 10, 2020

The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up a healthy lifestyle, which includes diet with an important presence bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, health benefits polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity free radical scavengers. More recently it has described that activate other cell-signaling pathways are not related ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we summarized current knowledge field by focusing effects flavonoids. Flavonoids widely distributed plant kingdom where they used for growing defensing. They structurally characterized two benzene rings heterocyclic pyrone ring oxidation saturation status flavonoids grouped seven different subclasses. present work focused describing molecular mechanisms underlying impact obesity-related diseases. We each group liver, white brown adipose tissue central nervous system signaling them.

Language: Английский

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