Diabetes mellitus: Classification, mediators, and complications; A gate to identify potential targets for the development of new effective treatments

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 168, P. 115734 - 115734

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

Nowadays, diabetes mellitus has emerged as a significant global public health concern with remarkable increase in its prevalence. This review article focuses on the definition of and classification into different types, including type 1 (idiopathic fulminant), 2 diabetes, gestational hybrid forms, slowly evolving immune-mediated ketosis-prone other special types. Diagnostic criteria for are also discussed. The role inflammation both is explored, along mediators potential anti-inflammatory treatments. Furthermore, involvement various organs highlighted, such adipose tissue obesity, gut microbiota, pancreatic β-cells. manifestation Langerhans β-cell islet inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired insulin production secretion addressed. Additionally, impact liver cirrhosis, acute kidney injury, immune system complications, diabetic complications like retinopathy neuropathy examined. Therefore, further research required to enhance diagnosis, prevent chronic identify therapeutic targets management associated dysfunctions.

Language: Английский

---

Human Health Effects of Chronic Cadmium Exposure

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous unnecessary transition metal that harmful to people and animals. naturally prevalent in the environment frequently obtained from agriculture industrial processes. Humans are typically exposed Cd through filthy food water, inhalation, cigarette smoking. stored plants animals has lengthy half-life of 25–30 years. Observational l evidence suggests occupational environmental exposure may be connected malignancies breast, lung, prostate, nasopharynx, pancreas, kidney, as well an increased risk osteoporosis. Because their capacity generate metallothioneins (MT), which Cd-inducible proteins protect cells, liver kidneys particularly sensitive effects Cd. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress likely contribute variety kidney illnesses, mitochondrial damage possible mechanism, these organelles play important role generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellular targets for The determination dietary consumption critical step estimating body burden associated health consequences. Chronic known have substantial influence on kidneys, most vulnerable toxicity. Urinary (UC), proportional relationship between accumulation excretion via urine, reliable indicator exposure. This chapter outlines numerous pathways exposure, impact human health, use several biomarkers measure

Language: Английский

---

Gentisic acid ameliorates type 2 diabetes induced by Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin in male mice by attenuating pancreatic oxidative stress and inflammation through modulation of Nrf2 and NF-кB pathways

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 325, P. 121770 - 121770

Published: May 15, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Insights from insulin resistance pathways: Therapeutic approaches against Alzheimer associated diabetes mellitus

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(11), P. 108629 - 108629

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

---

The Cd/Zn Axis: Emerging Concepts in Cellular Fate and Cytotoxicity

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 316 - 316

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic and carcinogenic substance that present in the natural environment. The underlying biomolecular mechanisms of Cd toxicity are not completely understood, it continues to be significant research target due its impact on public health. primary routes exposure through ingestion contaminated food water inhalation. Cd’s long biological half-life 10–30 years allows accumulate body, leading organ dysfunction notably kidney, liver, bone, lungs. has similar biochemical characteristics Zinc (Zn). It shares import transporters, ZIP8 ZIP14, enter cells. This competitive behavior can observed multiple instances throughout progression toxicity. Future studies interactions Zn will elucidate potential protective effects supplementation reducing In addition, focused discovering key proteins effective pathways for elimination confer fewer adverse than current antioxidant therapies.

Language: Английский

---

A Novel Aniline Derivative from Peganum harmala L. Promoted Apoptosis via Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(16), P. 12626 - 12626

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common clinical malignant tumor with limited therapeutic drugs. Leading by cytotoxicity against NSCLC lines (A549 and PC9), bioactivity-guided isolation of components from Peganum harmala seeds led to the pegaharoline A (PA). PA was elucidated as structurally novel aniline derivative, originating tryptamine pyrrole ring cleaved degradation carbon. Biological studies showed that significantly inhibited proliferation, suppressed DNA synthesis, arrested cycle, colony formation HUVEC angiogenesis, blocked invasion migration. Molecular docking surface plasmon resonance (SPR) demonstrated could bind CD133, correspondingly decreased CD133 expression activate autophagy via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, increased ROS levels, Bax, caspase-3 promote apoptosis. also decrease p-cyclinD1 p-Erk1/2 block EMT pathway inhibit growth, invasion, According these results, growth blocking pathways. This study provides evidence has promising future candidate for developing drugs treating NSCLC.

Language: Английский

---

Amantadine Toxicity in Apostichopus japonicus Revealed by Proteomics

Toxics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 226 - 226

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Amantadine exposure can alter biological processes in sea cucumbers, which are an economically important seafood China. In this study, amantadine toxicity Apostichopus japonicus was analyzed by oxidative stress and histopathological methods. Quantitative tandem mass tag labeling used to examine changes protein contents metabolic pathways A. intestinal tissues after 100 µg/L for 96 h. Catalase activity significantly increased from days 1 3 of exposure, but it decreased on day 4. Superoxide dismutase glutathione activities were inhibited throughout the period. Malondialdehyde 4 2 3. Proteomics analysis revealed 111 differentially expressed proteins intestines compared with control group. An involved showed that glycolytic glycogenic may have energy production conversion exposure. The NF-κB, TNF, IL-17 likely induced thereby activating NF-κB triggering inflammation apoptosis. Amino acid metabolism leucine isoleucine degradation phenylalanine pathway synthesis growth japonicus. This study investigated regulatory response mechanisms amantadine, providing a theoretical basis further research toxicity.

Language: Английский

---

Naringenin blocks hepatic cadmium accumulation and suppresses cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity via amelioration of oxidative inflammatory signaling and apoptosis in rats

Drug and Chemical Toxicology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 436 - 444

Published: April 19, 2023

Liver is one of the targets cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation for hepatic damage and pathologies via oxidative inflammation apoptosis. The current study explored whether citrus flavonoid naringenin (NAR) could prevent accumulation Cd hepatotoxicity in a rat model. Rats group 1 received normal saline; 2 NAR (50 mg/kg body weight); 3 CdCl

Language: Английский

---

Therapeutic potential of the linalool against cadmium-induced testicular tissue damage

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 127455 - 127455

Published: April 15, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Ameliorative Effects of Zn and Se Supplementation on Heavy Metal Mixture Burden via Increased Renal Metal Excretion and Restoration of Redoxo-Inflammatory Alterations

Biological Trace Element Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 202(2), P. 643 - 658

Published: May 26, 2023

Language: Английский

---