SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one which is Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility immune evasion ability raised global concerns. Owing to enhanced transmissibility, has rapidly replaced Delta as dominant in several regions. However, recent studies shown that exhibits reduced pathogenicity due altered cell tropism. In addition, significant resistance neutralizing activity vaccines, convalescent serum, antibody therapies. present review, advances molecular clinical characteristics infectivity, pathogenicity, was summarized, potential therapeutic applications response infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted future waves strategies end pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 607(7917), P. 128 - 134

Published: April 21, 2022

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infected many vaccinated and convalescent individuals

Language: Английский

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A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 167 - 167

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all previously emerged variants. numerous mutations in Omicron’s viral genome sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of fitness, owing to alteration transmission pathophysiology virus. With rapid change structure, sub-variants, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5, dominate community with an ability escape neutralization efficiency induced prior vaccination or infections. Similarly, several recombinant sub-variants Omicron, XBB, XBD, XBF, etc., have emerged, which better understanding. This review mainly entails changes due having higher number mutations. binding affinity, cellular entry, disease severity, infection rates, importantly, immune evading potential them discussed this review. A comparative analysis Delta other variants evolved before gives readers in-depth understanding landscape infection. Furthermore, discusses range abilities possessed approved antiviral therapeutic molecules neutralizing antibodies functional against sub-variants. evolution is causing infections, but broader aspect their not been explored. Thus, scientific should adopt elucidative approach obtain clear idea about recently including variants, so effective vaccines drugs can be achieved. This, turn, will lead drop cases and, finally, end pandemic.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 2022 update: transition of the pandemic to the endemic phase

Human Genomics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: June 1, 2022

Abstract COVID-19, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2, has ravaged world for past 2 years. Here, we review current state of research into disease with focus on its history, human genetics and genomics transition from pandemic to endemic phase. We are particularly concerned lack solid information initial phases that highlighted necessity better preparation face similar future threats. On other hand, gratified progress genetic susceptibility investigations believe now time explore The latter will require worldwide vigilance cooperation, especially in emerging countries. In phase, vaccination rates have lagged developed countries should assist, as warranted, bolstering worldwide. also discuss status vaccines outlook COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Implications on Immune Escape, Vaccination, Therapeutic and Diagnostic Strategies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 944 - 944

Published: April 10, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a lower fatality rate than its SARS and MERS counterparts. However, the rapid evolution of has given rise to multiple variants varying pathogenicity transmissibility, such as Delta Omicron variants. Individuals advanced age or underlying comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes cardiovascular diseases, are at higher risk increased disease severity. Hence, this resulted in an urgent need for development better therapeutic preventive approaches. This review describes origin human coronaviruses, particularly well sub-variants. Risk factors that contribute severity implications co-infections also considered. In addition, various antiviral strategies against COVID-19, novel repurposed drugs targeting viral host proteins, immunotherapeutic strategies, discussed. We critically evaluate current emerging vaccines their efficacy, immune evasion new impact on diagnostic testing examined. Collectively, global research public health authorities, along all sectors society, prepare upcoming future coronavirus outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are attenuated in rhesus macaques as compared to Delta

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(46)

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, five different variants concern (VOCs) have been identified: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Because confounding factors in human population, such as preexisting immunity, comparing severity disease caused by VOCs is challenging. Here, we investigate progression rhesus macaque model upon inoculation with Omicron BA.1, BA.2 VOCs. Disease macaques inoculated BA.1 or was lower than those Delta resulted significantly viral loads nasal swabs, bronchial cytology brush samples, lung tissue macaques. Cytokines chemokines were up-regulated nasosorption samples animals compared to animals. Overall, these data suggest that, macaques, replicates levels VOC, resulting reduced clinical disease.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of the pre-Omicron COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron in reducing infection, hospitalization, severity, and mortality compared to Delta and other variants: A systematic review

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Despite widespread mass rollout programs, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant called into question effectiveness existing vaccines against infection, hospitalization, severity, and mortality compared to previous variants. This systematic review summarizes compares COVID-19 vaccines, with respect above outcomes in adults, children, adolescents. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken on several databases. Only 51 studies met our inclusion criteria, revealing that protection from primary vaccination infection is inferior Delta Alpha infections wanes faster over time. However, mRNA vaccine boosters were reported reestablish effectiveness, although a lower extent Omicron. Nonetheless, shown preserve strong Omicron-associated death, even months after last dose. provide more robust longer-lasting hospitalizations due as only series.

Language: Английский

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The relative prevalence of the Omicron variant within SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts in different countries: A systematic review

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in October 2021 and exhibited high transmissibility, immune evasion, reduced severity when compared to the earlier variants. lesser vaccine effectiveness against its created vaccination hesitancy among public. This review compiled data reporting relative prevalence as early variants give an insight into existing variants, which may shape decisions regarding targets newly developed vaccines. Complied revealed more than 90% within infected cohorts some countries. BA.1 subvariant predominated over BA.2 during stages wave. Moreover, BA.4/BA.5 subvariants were South Africa, USA Italy between April 2022. It is therefore important develop vaccines that protect well are known cause severe complications.

Language: Английский

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Incidence, Risk, and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in Children and Adolescents Between March 2020 and July 2022 in Serbia

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. e2255779 - e2255779

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents were massively infected worldwide. In 2022, reinfections became a main feature of endemic phase SARS-CoV-2, so it is important to understand epidemiology clinical impact reinfections.To assess incidence, risk, severity pediatric SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.This retrospective cohort study used epidemiologic data documented infections from surveillance database Institute for Public Health Vojvodina. A total 32 524 Vojvodina, Serbia, with laboratory-confirmed infection between March 6, 2020, April 30, followed up reinfection until July 31, 2022.Incidence rates per 1000 person-months, estimated risk 90 days or more after laboratory confirmation primary infection, severity, hospitalizations, deaths.The included (mean [SD] age, 11.2 [4.9] years; 15 953 [49.1%] male), including 964 (3.0%) who experienced reinfection. The incidence rate was 3.2 (95% CI, 3.0-3.4) cases person-months highest in aged 12 17 years (3.4; 95% 3.2-3.7). Most (905 [93.9%]) recorded 2022. cumulative 1.3% at 6 months, 1.9% 9 4.0% 6.7% 7.2% 18 7.9% 21 months. Pediatric generally mild. proportion severe forms decreased 14 (1.4%) initial episodes 3 (0.3%) reinfections. Reinfected approximately 5 times less likely have disease during compared (McNemar odds ratio, 0.2; 0.0-0.8). rarely led hospitalization (0.5% vs infections), none resulted death.This found that remained substantially lower adults as mild, even milder than infections.

Language: Английский

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Rapid displacement of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta by Omicron revealed by allele-specific PCR in wastewater

Water Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 221, P. 118809 - 118809

Published: July 2, 2022

On November 26, 2021, the B.1.1.529 COVID-19 variant was classified as Omicron of concern (VOC). Reports higher transmissibility and potential immune evasion triggered flight bans heightened health control measures across world to stem its distribution. Wastewater-based surveillance has demonstrated be a useful complement for clinical community-based tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using design principles our previous assays that detect variants (Alpha Delta), we developed an allele-specific RT-qPCR assay which simultaneously targets stretch mutations from Q493R Q498R quantitative detection in wastewater. We report their validation against 10-month longitudinal samples influent wastewater treatment plant Italy. RNA concentrations frequencies determined using these agree with cases, revealing rapid displacement Delta by within three weeks. These trends, when mapped vaccination rates, support studies found emergence being associated infection advantage over vaccinated persons. data reinforce versatility, utility accuracy open-sourced methods dynamics communities through informed public responses.

Language: Английский

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