What to Look for in Chest X‐Rays of Pediatric Patients With COVID‐19: Insights From a Colombian Cohort

Pediatric Pulmonology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 60(3)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Despite advancements in vaccination and the transition from pandemic to endemic, SARS‐CoV‐2 continues pose a medical challenge, particularly among children. In this context, imaging diagnostics, such as chest x‐rays, are crucial initial treatment of patients. This study aims characterize radiological findings pediatric patients with confirmed infection Colombia between April 2020 November 2021, well describe clinical presentation, including those admission intensive care. Methods Colombia, multicenter cohort comprised aged 29 days 17 years X‐ray taken within 72 h hospitalization. two separate groups, four radiologists evaluated images. A fifth radiologist reviewed all X‐rays; subsequently, these readings were used calculate kappa coefficient solve discrepancies other radiologists. The results compared Results Analysis was conducted on 392 median age 2 years, majority whom (42%) infants. Sixty‐eight percent radiographs had normal results. Peribronchial thickening interstitial opacity most common aberrant (59%), followed by alveolar (12%). 88 bilateral. our cohort, peribronchial pattern found admitted PICU ventilatory failure. Interobserver agreement low for (kappa = 0.1), but higher consolidations opacities 0.4 0.5, respectively). Conclusion SARS‐CoV‐2, nonspecific interobserver is minimal. Although consolidation demonstrated greater concordance, they did not appear reflect presentation; therefore, can suggest radiography considered useful determining severity COVID‐19 There need more investigations.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 annual update: a narrative review

Human Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: July 24, 2023

Abstract Three and a half years after the pandemic outbreak, now that WHO has formally declared emergency is over, COVID-19 still significant global issue. Here, we focus on recent developments in genetic genomic research COVID-19, give an outlook state-of-the-art therapeutical approaches, as gradually transitioning to endemic situation. The sequencing characterization of rare alleles different populations made it possible identify numerous genes affect either susceptibility or severity disease. These findings provide beginning new avenues pan-ethnic therapeutic well potential screening protocols. causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, spotlight, but novel threatening virus could appear anywhere at any time. Therefore, continued vigilance further warranted. We also note emphatically prevent future pandemics other world-wide health crises, imperative capitalize what have learnt from COVID-19: specifically, regarding its origins, world’s response, insufficient preparedness. This requires unprecedented international collaboration timely data sharing for coordination effective response rapid implementation containment measures.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccines: Where Did We Stand at the End of 2023?

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 203 - 203

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 has been highly successful in slowing down the COVID-19 pandemic. A wide spectrum of approaches including vaccines based on whole viruses, protein subunits and peptides, viral vectors, nucleic acids developed parallel. For all types vaccines, good safety efficacy have obtained both preclinical animal studies clinical trials humans. Moreover, emergency use authorization granted for major vaccines. Although high demonstrated, rare cases severe adverse events detected after global mass vaccinations. Emerging variants possessing enhanced infectivity affected vaccine protection requiring re-design re-engineering novel candidates. Furthermore, insight is given into preparedness emerging variants.

Language: Английский

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Covid-19 Reinfections Case Series from October 2023 to October 2024 in A General Medicine Office in Toledo (Spain)

Epidemiology International Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 1 - 7

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Background: Clinical-epidemiological data on SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in endemic period are scarce. Objective: To know the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of current reinfection cases covid-19. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal and prospective case series study adult patients with covid-19 general medicine from October 1, 2023 to September 30, 2924. Results: 15 were included during period. Of these cases, there 2 that had presented previous one 3 reinfections. 27% 5 doses vaccine 67% doses. reinfection, >65 years old, women, socio-health workers. None moderate-severe severity; 80% chronic diseases (23% Musculo-skeletal, 18% Nervous Senses, 13% Endocrine). 54% symptoms General, 24% Respiratory, 15% Otorhinolaryngology, 5% Neurological, 2% Digestive. Conclusion: In context Toledo (Spain), 2020 2024, a considered endemic, high levels vaccination, mild symptoms. They more frequent diseases, but they do not occur people classic comorbidities Circulatory system or Respiratory. There is considerable frequency workers, possibly because exposed undergo diagnostic testing frequently. Staying up date vaccinations still advisable

Language: Английский

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Cortical thickness alterations and systemic inflammation define long-COVID patients with cognitive impairment

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 116, P. 175 - 184

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

As the heterogeneity of symptoms is increasingly recognized among long-COVID patients, it appears highly relevant to study potential pathophysiological differences along different subtypes. Preliminary evidence suggests distinct alterations in brain structure and systemic inflammatory patterns specific groups patients. To this end, we analyzed cortical thickness peripheral immune signature between clinical subgroups based on 3 T-MRI scans markers n = 120 participants comprising healthy never-infected controls (n 30), COVID-19 survivors 29), patients with 26) without 35) cognitive impairment according screening Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Whole-brain comparison 4 was conducted by surface-based morphometry. We identified areas showing a progressive increase across groups, starting from individuals who had never been infected COVID-19, followed survivors, deficits (MoCA ≥ 26), finally, exhibiting significant < 26). These findings highlight continuum associated more pronounced changes observed experiencing (p 0.05, FWE-corrected). Affected regions covered prefrontal temporal gyri, insula, posterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, parietal areas. Additionally, discovered immunophenotype, elevated levels IL-10, IFNγ, sTREM2 especially group suffering impairment. demonstrate lingering immunological impaired survivors. This implies complex underlying pathomechanism emphasizes necessity investigate whole spectrum post-COVID biology determine targeted treatment strategies targeting sub-groups.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant shedding during respiratory activities

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 131, P. 19 - 25

Published: March 21, 2023

As the world transitions to COVID-19 endemicity, studies focusing on aerosol shedding of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOCs) are vital for calibration infection control measures against VOCs that likely circulate seasonally. This follow-up Gesundheit-II sampling study aims compare patterns Omicron VOC samples with pre-Omicron analyzed in our previous study.Coarse and fine from 47 patients infected were collected during various respiratory activities (passive breathing, talking, singing) using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction virus culture.Compared variants, comparable RNA copy numbers detectable despite being fully vaccinated. Patients also showed a slight increase viral breathing more have persistent beyond 7 days after disease onset.This reaffirms properties should guide continued layering public health interventions even vaccinated populations.

Language: Английский

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A Retrospective Assessment of Sputum Samples and Antimicrobial Resistance in COVID-19 Patients

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 620 - 620

Published: April 19, 2023

Data on bacterial or fungal pathogens and their impact the mortality rates of Western Romanian COVID-19 patients are scarce. As a result, purpose this research was to determine prevalence co- superinfections in adults with COVID-19, hospitalized in-ward settings during second half pandemic, its distribution according sociodemographic clinical conditions. The unicentric retrospective observational study conducted 407 eligible patients. Expectorate sputum selected as sampling technique followed by routine microbiological investigations. A total 31.5% samples tested positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 26.2% having co-infections Klebsiella pneumoniae among admitted COVID-19. third most common Pathogenic bacteria identified Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii 9.3% samples. Commensal human caused respiratory infections 67 patients, prevalent being Streptococcus penumoniae, methicillin-sensitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 53.4% Candida spp., 41.1% Aspergillus spp. growth. three groups microbial growth cultures had an equally proportional ICU, average 30%, compared only 17.3% negative (p = 0.003). More than 80% all showed multidrug resistance. high mandates strict effective antimicrobial stewardship infection control policies.

Language: Английский

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The End or a New Era of Development of SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Genetic Variants Responsible for Severe COVID-19 and Clinical Efficacy of the Most Commonly Used Vaccines in Clinical Practice

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1181 - 1181

Published: June 30, 2023

Although the chief of World Health Organization (WHO) has declared end coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global health emergency, is still threat. To be able to manage such pandemics in future, it necessary develop proper strategies and opportunities protect human life. The data on SARS-CoV-2 virus must continuously analyzed, possibilities mutation emergence new, more infectious variants anticipated, well options using different preventive therapeutic techniques. This because fast development severe acute 2 syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) concern have posed significant problem for COVID-19 pandemic control presently available vaccinations. review summarizes that are responsible clinical efficacy most commonly used vaccines practice. consequences after (long COVID or post-COVID conditions) continue subject studies research, affect social economic life worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation alters immune cell populations in the lung and bone marrow during coronavirus infection

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 326(3), P. L313 - L329

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Respiratory viral infections are one of the major causes illness and death worldwide. Symptoms associated with respiratory can range from mild to severe, there is limited understanding why large variation in severity. Environmental exposures a potential causative factor. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) an environment-sensing molecule expressed all immune cells. Although considerable evidence that AHR signaling influences responses other challenges, including pathogens, less known about impact on during coronavirus (CoV) infection. In this study, we report activation significantly altered cells lungs bone marrow mice infected mouse CoV. transiently reduced frequency multiple mononuclear phagocyte system, monocytes, interstitial macrophages, dendritic lung. marrow, myelopoiesis, as evidenced by reduction granulocyte-monocyte progenitor increased myeloid-biased Moreover, affected stages megakaryocyte lineage. Overall, these findings indicate modulates aspects response CoV Given significant burden viruses human health, how environmental shape infection advances our knowledge factors contribute variability disease severity provides insight into novel approaches prevent or treat disease.

Language: Английский

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The Challenge of Long COVID-19 Management: From Disease Molecular Hallmarks to the Proposal of Exercise as Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(20), P. 12311 - 12311

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

Long coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the designation given to a novel syndrome that develops within few months after infection by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and presenting with increasing incidence because of numerous cases infection. COVID-19 characterized sequela clinical symptoms concern different organs tissues, from nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal systems skeletal muscle cardiovascular apparatus. The main common molecular cause for all long facets appears be related immune dysregulations, persistence inflammatory status, epigenetic modifications, alterations neurotrophin release. prevention management are still inappropriate many aspects need further clarification. Exercise known exert deep action on dysfunctions elicited depending training intensity, duration, continuity. Evidence suggests it could improve quality life patients. This review explores features mechanisms underlying in perspective considering exercise as co-medication management.

Language: Английский

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