Acute myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: Possible mechanisms and clinical implications

World Journal of Clinical Cases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 762 - 776

Published: Jan. 15, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection affects not only the lungs, but also cardiovascular system, having a major impact on patients' outcomes. Myocardial injury (MI) occurs in context of infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with higher risk severe clinical outcome mortality. COVID-19-related MI can have various manifestations, which main ones are myocarditis, stress cardiomyopathy, coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism. The exact mechanisms how these patients yet fully known. Direct injury, through direct viral myocardial invasion, indirect interaction angiotensin I converting enzyme 2, increased inflammation, thrombocyte endothelial dysfunction, could be involved COVID-19. A better understanding multiple potential may help to develop new targeted therapeutic strategies. purpose this review provide current induced by COVID-19 discuss progress

Language: Английский

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Peculiar weather patterns effects on air pollution and COVID-19 spread in Tokyo metropolis

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 228, P. 115907 - 115907

Published: April 18, 2023

As a pandemic hotspot in Japan, between March 1, 2020–October 2022, Tokyo metropolis experienced seven COVID-19 waves. Motivated by the high rate of incidence and mortality during seventh wave, environmental/health challenges we conducted time-series analysis to investigate long-term interaction air quality climate variability with viral Tokyo. Through daily time series geospatial observational pollution/climate data, death cases, this study compared environmental conditions multiwaves. In spite five State Emergency (SOEs) restrictions associated pandemic, (2020–2022) period recorded low improvements relative (2015–2019) average annual values, namely: Aerosol Optical Depth increased 9.13% 2020 year, declined 6.64% 2021, 12.03% 2022; particulate matter PM2.5 PM10 decreased 2020, 2022 years 10.22%, 62.26%, 0.39%, respectively 4.42%, 3.95%, 5.76%. For (2021–2022) ratio PM2.5/PM10 was (0.319 ± 0.1640), showing higher contribution aerosol loading traffic-related coarse particles comparison fine particles. The highest rates cases wave (1 July 2022–1 October 2022) may be attributed accumulation near ground levels pollutants pathogens due to: 1) peculiar persistent atmospheric anticyclonic circulation strong positive anomalies geopotential height at 500 hPa; 2) lower Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) heights; 3) maximum temperature land surface prolonged heat waves (HWs) summer 4) no imposed restrictions. Such findings can guide public decision-makers design proper strategies curb pandemics under stable weather HWs large metropolitan areas.

Language: Английский

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Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) of Angiotensin-Converting Enzymes (ACE1 and ACE2): A Plausible Explanation for the Global Variation in COVID-19 Prevalence

Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Background. Although it is common knowledge that the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and other viral infections have an uneven impact globally, reasons for this are still indistinct. The absence equivalent capacities worldwide in screening, testing, reporting cases one ideas put forward to explain discrepancy. molecular developments noteworthy, particularly role played by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ACEs (ACE1 ACE2). virus can enter host cell thanks transmembrane protein ACE2, which a homolog ACE1. Objectives. With focus on I/D genotype ACE1 rs2285666 SNV we elucidated prevalence SNPs ACE2 various geographic locations. We examined relationship between these global patterns COVID-19 prevalence. Methods. 66 127 articles obtained using PubMed, Google Scholar, directly conformed search terms; geographical distribution infections, COVID-19, ACE1, SNPs, DD genotype, rs2285666. Results. vital their gene expression contribute greatly susceptibility, development, severity. There was generally high Europe America, where had more devastating effect than Asia Africa. varied following order: East Asia> South >America>Europe >Africa. However, there were conflicting agreements association with susceptibility Conclusion. been positively linked number studies. SNV, however, has yielded no definitive results. To determine SNVs incidence, research required.

Language: Английский

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Targeted Application of Functional Foods as Immune Fitness Boosters in the Defense against Viral Infection

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 3371 - 3371

Published: July 28, 2023

In recent times, the emergence of viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 virus, monkeypox and, most recently, Langya has highlighted devastating effects infection on human life. There been significant progress in development efficacious vaccines for prevention and control viruses; however, high rates mutation transmission necessitate need novel methods control, management, prevention. years, there a shift public awareness health wellbeing, with consumers making dietary changes to improve their immunity overall health. This rising is driving global increase consumption functional foods. review delves into benefits foods as potential natural means modulate host immune system enhance defense against infections. We provide an overview food market Europe discuss enhancing fitness high-risk groups, elderly, those obesity, people underlying chronic conditions. also immunomodulatory mechanisms key foods, dairy proteins hydrolysates, plant-based fermentates, enriched vitamin D, zinc, selenium. Our findings reveal four boosting by inhibition proliferation binding cells, modulation innate response macrophages dendritic enhancement specific responses T cells B promotion intestinal barrier function. Overall, this demonstrates that diet-derived nutrients show immense boost individuals can be important approach improving

Language: Английский

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Expression Level Analysis of ACE2 Receptor Gene in African-American and Non-African-American COVID-19 Patients

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly across the continents. While incidence of been reported to be higher among African-American individuals, rate mortality lower compared that non-African-Americans. ACE2 is involved in as uses enzyme enter host cells. Although difference can explained many factors such low accessibility health insurance community, little known about expression patients non-African-American patients. variable genes contribute this observed phenomenon. Methodology In study, transcriptomes from and were retrieved sequence read archive analyzed for gene expression. HISAT2 was used align reads human reference genome, HTseq-count get raw counts. EdgeR utilized differential analysis, enrichR employed enrichment analysis. Results datasets included 14 33 transcriptome sequences descent, respectively. There 24,092 differentially expressed genes, with 7,718 upregulated (log fold change > 1 FDR 0.05) 16,374 downregulated −1 0.05). mRNA level found considerably cohort (p-value = 0.0242, p-adjusted value 0.038). Conclusion downregulation could indicate a correlation severity community.

Language: Английский

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