Perspectives on improving photosynthesis to increase crop yield

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 3944 - 3973

Published: May 3, 2024

Abstract Improving photosynthesis, the fundamental process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, is a key area of research with great potential for enhancing sustainable agricultural productivity and addressing global food security challenges. This perspective delves latest advancements approaches aimed at optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Our discussion encompasses entire process, beginning harvesting its regulation progressing through bottleneck electron transfer. We then delve carbon reactions focusing on strategies targeting enzymes Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle. Additionally, we explore methods to increase dioxide (CO2) concentration near Rubisco, enzyme responsible first step CBB cycle, drawing inspiration from various organisms, conclude this section examining ways enhance CO2 delivery leaves. Moving beyond individual processes, discuss two identifying targets photosynthesis improvement: systems modeling study natural variation. Finally, revisit some mentioned above provide holistic view improvements, analyzing their impact nitrogen use efficiency canopy photosynthesis.

Language: Английский

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Starvation from Within: How Heavy Metals Compete with Essential Nutrients, Disrupt Metabolism, and Impair Plant Growth

Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 353, P. 112412 - 112412

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Plant cell walls: Emerging targets of stomata engineering to improve photosynthesis and water use efficiency

New Crops, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 100021 - 100021

Published: March 30, 2024

Stomata are tiny pores on leaf surfaces essential for plant transpiration and photosynthesis. As the connecting hub between atmosphere, plants soil, stomata play a significant role in global carbon water cycles. The shape function of physically constrained by stomatal walls. Compared to extensively studied genetic mechanisms development guard cell signaling, recent progress is only beginning uncover walls dynamics. In this review, we summarize research kidney-shaped from dicots dumbbell-shaped grasses. dynamic response grass closely linked its anatomical features that limited walls, discuss potential as crucial targets crop engineering enhance assimilation use efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Perspectives of improving rice photosynthesis for higher grain yield

Crop and Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 123 - 137

Published: April 21, 2024

Many efforts have been made to enhance rice photosynthesis for higher grain yields, although such knowledge has seldom integrated into breeding programs. In this review, I first address the limitations and challenges of theory that yield is controlled by photosynthesis, a concept rooted in fact carbon forms significant part plant mass, with acting as fundamental pathway assimilation. Subsequently, discussion covers indices, their measurement techniques, establishing correlations between indices yields. The review then delves recent advancements, including leveraging natural variations, enhancing electron transport chain, augmenting efficiency ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), increasing CO2 concentration around Rubisco, initiatives like C4 project, strategies photorespiration bypass, non-leaf contributions. conclusion emphasizes future research directions advocating incorporation within broader organismic processes, unraveling complex link yield, developing efficient direct methods phenotyping, assessing photosynthetic performance under actual field conditions.

Language: Английский

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Engineering of photorespiration‐dependent glycine betaine biosynthesis improves photosynthetic carbon fixation and panicle architecture in rice

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

ABSTRACT In C 3 plants, photorespiration is an energy expensive pathway that competes with photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation and releases into the atmosphere, potentially reducing plant productivity by 20%–50%. Consequently, flux through has been recognized as a major way to improve crop carbon fixation productivity. While current research efforts in engineering are mainly based on modification of chloroplast glycolate metabolic steps, only limited studies have explored optimizations other photorespiratory steps. Here, we engineered imGS bypass within rice mitochondria glycine toward betaine, thereby, improving rice. The transgenic plants exhibited significant accumulation reduced photorespiration, elevated photosynthesis photosynthate levels. Additionally, introduction leads increase number branches grains per panicle which may be related cytokinin gibberellin signaling pathways. Taken together, these results suggest diverting mitochondrial from betaine synthesis can effectively enhance architecture rice, offering promising strategy for developing functional bypasses potential

Language: Английский

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No tillage with straw mulching enhanced radiation use efficiency of wheat via optimizing canopy radiation interception and photosynthetic properties

Field Crops Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 326, P. 109854 - 109854

Published: March 14, 2025

Language: Английский

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Chloroplast ATP synthase: From structure to engineering

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 3974 - 3996

Published: March 14, 2024

F-type ATP synthases are extensively researched protein complexes because of their widespread and central role in energy metabolism. Progress structural biology, proteomics, molecular biology has also greatly advanced our understanding the catalytic mechanism, post-translational modifications, biogenesis chloroplast synthases. Given critical light-driven generation, tailoring activity modeling approaches can be applied to modulate photosynthesis. In future, advances genetic manipulation design tools will significantly expand scope for testing new strategies engineering nanomotors.

Language: Английский

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The long and tortuous path towards improving photosynthesis by engineering elevated mesophyll conductance

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(9), P. 3411 - 3427

Published: May 28, 2024

The growing demand for global food production is likely to be a defining issue facing humanity over the next 50 years. To tackle this challenge, there desire bioengineer crops with higher photosynthetic efficiencies, increase yields. Recently, has been interest in engineering leaves mesophyll conductance (g

Language: Английский

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Effects of Zinc, Manganese, and Molybdenum Fertilizers on Growth and Main Medicinal Metabolites of Stauntonia leucantha Leaves

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 123 - 123

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Zinc, manganese, and molybdenum have a significant impact on plant growth the accumulation of metabolites. However, zinc, metabolic substances Stauntonia leucantha leaves is still unclear. To explore effects main medicinal metabolites leaves, to provide reference for fertilizer application method leucantha, three-factor, three-level orthogonal design with five-year-old field as test material. The results showed that fertilization zinc significantly enhanced value leaves. leaf mainly concentrated in 0–120 days after gradually slowed down 120–180 application, affected by manganese. Zinc increased content chlorophyll, oleanolic acid, rutin, calceolarioside B. Manganese chlorophyll rutin while inhibiting acid Molybdenum but did not affect b content. Based comprehensive analysis, optimum combination quality was identified Zn3Mn1Mo3 (T7), 6 g/plant sulfate, 3 ammonium molybdate, no manganese sulfate.

Language: Английский

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The selection and utilization of heading date loci in modern wheat breeding

New Crops, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100066 - 100066

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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