Vortex
beams
offer
a
novel
avenue
for
advancing
information
transmission,
storage,
and
processing
within
the
optical
domain.
However,
conventional
apparatus
systems
depend
on
phase
accumulation
technique
to
create
vortex
beams.
These
methods
frequently
lead
development
of
cumbersome
expensive
configurations,
hindering
integration
with
on-chip
photonic
systems.
Metasurfaces,
planar
structures
composed
nano-elements,
hold
immense
promise
extensive
adoption
in
optics
photonics.
Their
remarkable
capacity
manipulate
light
at
nano-level
has
led
widespread
utilization,
particularly
generating
vortices.
In
this
work,
we
proposed
an
all-dielectric
transmissive
metasurface
platform
that
generates
perfect
beam
trigonometric
function
embedded
it
achieve
infinite
topological
charge.
We
selected
silicon
nitride
(Si3N4)
as
material
choice.
It
exhibits
transparency
ultraviolet
(UV)
region
across
visible
spectrum.
also
best-suited
properties
ensure
exceptional
response
targeted
dual
bands.
numerical
aperture
NA
=
0.7
verification
concept,
two
functions
are
θ.
cos(θ)
½
sin(θ).
The
presented
design
may
find
potential
applications
biomedicine,
free-space
data
communications,
modulation.
Metasurfaces
offer
novel
design
capability
of
optical
wavefront
shaping
to
realize
ultra-compact
flat
components
which
have
remarkable
potential
mitigate
the
constraints
size
and
complexities
in
imaging
systems.
However,
aberration
correction
diffraction-limited
response
over
broad
spectrum
greatly
hindered
their
applicability
because
simultaneous
phase
engineering
at
multiple
wavelengths
on
a
single
metasurface
interface.
Conventionally
reported
methodologies
overcome
challenges
mentioned
earlier
by
exploiting
resonance
tuning,
layer
stacking,
mergence
strategies.
They
suppressed
effect
with
high
efficiency
but
complex
meta-atom
geometry
limited
functionalities.
Here
this
research
script,
we
introduced
broadband
achromatic
bifocal
metalens
based
single-layer
array
nano-rectangular
bars
transmission
mode.
In
order
wavelength-independent
focusing,
developed
library
meta-atoms
provide
required
compensations.
addition
this,
material
zinc
selenide
(ZnSe)
is
as
constituent
large
transparent
window
regime.
The
unprecedented
along
multi-functionality
make
proposed
candidate
for
next-generation
advanced
technology.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(11), P. e0306079 - e0306079
Published: Nov. 5, 2024
There
is
convincing
evidence
that
the
learning
environments
digitalization
of
tools
and
equipment
ultimately
results
in
speed
depth
involvement
academia
members,
by
raising
attainment
each
digital
experiences.
The
majority
research
was
conducted
on
topic
enhancing
skills
learners,
which
would
lead
to
an
increase
their
active
engagement,
students
primary
secondary
education,
leaving
members
higher
education
outside
scope
study.
Given
uninterrupted
search
for
academic
performance
innovation,
current
considers
technological
changes
transformation
traditional
as
previously
known.
paper
learners’
engagement
context
dually
multi-institutional
digitally-learning
enhancements.
An
important
factor
be
considered
regards
leadership
evolution
(in
terms
teaching)
over
time,
led
a
different
contextual
shift,
according
its
effectiveness,
leading
or
lower
(dis)engagement.
manuscript
aims
examine
how
levels
could
affect
student’s
under
close
monitoring
styles
practice.
Data
collection
analysis
implied
at
first
qualitative
approach
issuing
online-distributed
survey
resulted
number
2272
valid
responses.
After
performing
structural
equation
modelling
proving
assessment
tool,
into
statistically
validity
two
main
hypotheses
has
positive
effect
practice
leadership.
Additionally,
emphasized
fact
altogether
negative
engagement.
Consequently,
study
stresses
importance
peers’
categories
institutions
performance,
with
emphasis
students’
practice,
aspects
uniformly
developing
within
continuously
digitally
environment.
Free
space
optical
(FSO)
communication
is
an
evolving
technology
that
opens
up
the
doors
to
use
huge
unlicensed
bandwidth
and
can
manifest
high-speed
communication.
As
radio
frequency
spectrum
getting
overburdened
unable
meet
ever-increasing
demands
of
internet,
prove
be
a
paradigm
shift
achieve
KPIs
including
high
data-rates,
low
latency
efficiency.
In
our
study,
fluid-infiltrated
reconfigurable
intelligent
surface
(RIS)
has
been
proposed
proficient
in
directing
light
on
concerned
user.
We
integration
RIS
FSO
simultaneously
enhance
data
transmission
range
acquire
reconfigurability
run-time.
Our
design
provide
link
legitimate
user
while
blocking
eavesdropper's
reception.
The
miniature-sized
envisaged
efficient
meta-device
for
dynamic
applications
Communication.
Circular
dichroism
(CD)
and
asymmetric
transmission
(AT)
are
two
outstanding
chiroptical
effects,
which
can
be
produced
by
planar
chiral
devices
due
to
their
distinct
response
oppositely
handed
input
light.
The
effects
have
so
far
been
used
in
realization
of
different
applications
including
imaging
sensing.
This
research
realizes
CD
the
optical
regime
attain
AT
for
an
wavelength
employing
a
supercell
hydrogenated
amorphous
Silicon
nano-bars.
is
made
four
achiral
nanofins
engineered
such
way
that
they
exhibit
notable
AT.
design
successfully
achieves
55%
58%
at
operating
633
nm.
absorbs
right
circularly
polarized
light
transmits
left
light,
thus
behaving
as
perfect
circular
polarization
wave
isolator
i.e.
presented
completely
eradicate
backscattering
minimizing
reflectance.
