Non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 8, 2023

Lung cancer (LC) is a heterogeneous disease with high malignant degree, rapid growth, and early metastasis. The clinical outcomes of LC patients are generally poor due to the insufficient elucidation pathological mechanisms, low efficiency detection assessment methods, lack individualized therapeutic strategies. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular (circRNA), endogenous regulators that widely involved in modulation almost all aspects life activities, from organogenesis aging immunity cancer. They commonly play vital roles various biological processes by regulating gene expression via their interactions DNA, RNA, or protein. An increasing amount studies have demonstrated ncRNAs closely correlated initiation development LC. Their dysregulation promotes progression distinct such as influencing protein activity, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, altering specific expression. Furthermore, some present certain values biomarker candidates targets for patients. A complete understanding mechanisms may be highly beneficial developing ncRNA-based therapeutics This review mainly focuses on intricate miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA discuss underlying applications treatment.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory mechanisms of circular RNAs during human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 143 - 158

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Human osteogenic differentiation is a complex and well-orchestrated process which involves plethora of molecular players cellular processes.A growing number studies have underlined that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important regulatory role during human differentiation.CircRNAs are single-stranded, covalently closed non-coding RNA molecules acquiring increased attention as epigenetic regulators gene expression.Given their intrinsic high conformational stability, abundance, specificity, circRNAs can undertake various biological activities in order to regulate multiple processes, including differentiation.The most recent evidence indicates control osteogenesis by preventing the inhibitory activity miRNAs on downstream target genes, using competitive endogenous mechanism.The aim this review draw currently known mechanisms differentiation.Specifically, we provide understanding advances research conducted mesenchymal stem cell types importance regulating osteogenesis.A comprehensive underlying circRNA will improve knowledge processes bone growth, resulting potential development novel preclinical clinical discovery diagnostic therapeutic tools for disorders.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic programing of cancer stemness by transcription factors-non-coding RNAs interactions

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 74 - 83

Published: April 11, 2023

Cancer 'stemness' is fundamental to cancer existence. It defines the ability of cells indefinitely perpetuate as well differentiate. stem cell populations within a growing tumor also help evade inhibitory effects chemo- radiation-therapies, in addition playing an important role metastases. NF-κB and STAT-3 are representative transcription factors (TFs) that have long been associated with stemness, thus presenting attractive targets for therapy. The interest non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) recent years has provided further insight into mechanisms by which TFs influence characteristics. There evidence direct regulation ncRNAs, such as, microRNAs (miRNAs), (lncRNAs) circular (circRNAs), vice versa. Additionally, TF-ncRNAs regulations often indirect, involving ncRNA-target genes or sponging other ncRNA species individual ncRNAs. information rapidly evolving this review provides comprehensive interactions implications on stemness response therapies. Such knowledge will uncover many levels tight control providing novel opportunities therapy process.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation and therapeutic targets in the tumor microenvironment

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: June 5, 2023

Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial to neoplastic processes, fostering proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Epigenetic regulations, primarily including DNA RNA methylation, histone modification non-coding RNA, have been generally recognized as an essential feature of malignancy, exceedingly contributing the dysregulation core gene expression in cells, bringing about evasion immunosurveillance by influencing immune cells TME. Recently, compelling evidence highlighted that clinical therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic machinery modulate carcinogenesis through targeting TME components, normalizing cells’ phenotype, suppressing neovascularization repressing immunosuppressive components Therefore, nominated a promising target for drugs cancer management. This review focuses mechanisms modifications occurring pivotal stroma, myeloid various tumors reported last five years, concludes tight correlation between reprogramming progression immunosuppression, summarizes current advances treatments potential targets with reference drugs. Finally, we summarize some restrictions field research at moment, further discuss several interesting strategies boost antitumor immunity.

Language: Английский

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Cell-Free miRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers in Brain Tumors

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 2888 - 2888

Published: Sept. 8, 2023

Diagnosing brain tumors, especially malignant variants, such as glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, or metastasis, presents a considerable obstacle, while current treatment methods often yield unsatisfactory results. The monitoring of individuals with neoplasms becomes burdensome due to the intricate tumor nature and associated risks tissue biopsies, compounded by restricted accuracy sensitivity presently available non-invasive diagnostic techniques. uncertainties surrounding diagnosis tumor’s reaction can lead delays in critical determinations that profoundly influence prognosis disease. Consequently, there exists pressing necessity formulate validate dependable, minimally invasive biomarkers effectively diagnose predict tumors. Cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs), which remain stable detectable human bodily fluids, blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have emerged potential indicators for range ailments, tumors included. Numerous investigations showcased viability profiling cell-free miRNA expression both CSF samples obtained from patients Distinct miRNAs demonstrate varying patterns within blood. While exhibit diagnosing, prognosticating, across diverse types, they fall short diagnosing Conversely, profile demonstrates high delivering precise specific evaluations

Language: Английский

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Circular RNA in cervical cancer: Fundamental mechanism and clinical potential

Non-coding RNA Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 116 - 124

Published: Nov. 18, 2023

CC (CC) remains a significant global health concern, imposing substantial burden on women worldwide due to its high incidence and mortality rates. To address this issue, there is need for ongoing research uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms of discover novel diagnostic therapeutic strategies. Recent progress in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has opened new avenues investigation, circular (circRNAs) have emerged as molecules with diverse roles various cellular processes. These circRNAs are distinct structure, forming closed loop, setting them apart from their linear counterparts. They intricately involved regulating different aspects functions, particularly cell growth development. Remarkably, can varying either promoting or inhibiting oncogenic processes, depending specific context. studies identified abnormal expression patterns associated CC, indicating involvement disease The differing profiles linked present promising opportunities early detection, precise prognosis evaluation, personalized treatment In comprehensive review, we embark detailed exploration CC-related circRNAs, elucidating providing insights into intricate governing CC's onset progression. A growing body evidence strongly suggests that serve valuable biomarkers detection hold potential targets intervention. By delving complex interplay between paving way innovative, individualized approaches combat serious disease, goal reducing impact women's globally improving patient outcomes. As our understanding context continues deepen, outlook breakthroughs diagnosis becomes increasingly promising.

Language: Английский

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The E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate inflammation in cardiovascular diseases

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 167 - 174

Published: March 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Role of exosomal ncRNAs in traumatic brain injury

Non-coding RNA Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 686 - 692

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex neurological disorder that often results in long-term disabilities, cognitive impairments, and emotional disturbances. Despite significant advancements understanding the pathophysiology of TBI, effective treatments remain limited. In recent years, exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as potential players TBI pathogenesis novel diagnostic therapeutic targets. Exosomal ncRNAs are small RNA molecules secreted by cells transported to distant sites, where they can modulate gene expression cell signaling pathways. They been shown play important roles various aspects such neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis. The ability cross reach parenchyma makes them attractive candidates for non-invasive biomarkers drug delivery systems. However, challenges still need be addressed before translated into clinical practice, including standardization isolation quantification methods, validation their prognostic value, optimization efficacy safety. This review aims summarize current knowledge regarding role biogenesis, function, applications diagnosis, prognosis, treatment. We also discuss future perspectives using tools management.

Language: Английский

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Advances in transdermal siRNAs delivery: A review of current research progress

Non-coding RNA Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 392 - 400

Published: May 26, 2023

Small interfering RNA (siRNAs) is a double-stranded molecule which can hybridize with specific mRNA sequence and block the translation of numerous genes to regulate endogenous defend genome from invasive nucleic acids. The use siRNAs has been studied as treatment option for various skin conditions. One main obstacles in dermal or transdermal delivery this compound low permeability, application limited by its negative charge, high polarity, susceptibility degradation nucleases, difficulty penetrating barrier. Effective therapeutic biomolecules their target challenging issue, be solved innovations drug systems lead improvement efficiency many new biopharmaceuticals. Designing novel garnered tremendous attention both cosmeceutical pharmaceutical research industries, offers number advantages. Developing safe efficient vectors essential effective diseases. In recent years, significant progress made creation using lipids, polymers, cell-penetrating peptides, nanoparticles other biologically active agents. review we will focus on advancements vectors, such liposomes, dendrimers, spherical acid nanoparticles.

Language: Английский

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Non-Coding RNA as a Biomarker in Lung Cancer

Non-Coding RNA, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 50 - 50

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Introduction: Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally, with high mortality rates largely due to late-stage diagnosis, aggressive progression, frequent recurrence. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques therapeutic interventions, overall prognosis for lung patients continues be dismal. Method: Emerging research has identified non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long RNAs, circular as critical regulators gene expression, significantly influencing biology. These ncRNAs play pivotal roles various aspects pathogenesis, tumor initiation, metastasis, resistance therapy. Results: We provide a comprehensive analysis current understanding cancer, emphasizing their potential biomarkers early prognostication, prediction response. explore biological functions ncRNAs, involvement key oncogenic pathways, molecular mechanisms by which they modulate expression cellular processes cancer. Furthermore, this review highlights recent advances ncRNA-based tools strategies, such miRNA mimics inhibitors, lncRNA-targeted therapies, circRNA-modulating approaches, offering promising avenues personalized medicine. Conclusion: Finally, we discuss challenges future directions ncRNA research, need large-scale validation studies development efficient delivery systems therapies. This underscores revolutionize management providing novel options that could improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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