Individual differences in human fear generalization—pattern identification and implications for anxiety disorders DOI Creative Commons
Yannik Stegmann, Miriam A. Schiele, Dirk Schümann

et al.

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 18, 2019

Abstract Previous research indicates that anxiety disorders are characterized by an overgeneralization of conditioned fear as compared with healthy participants. Therefore, generalization is considered a key mechanism for the development disorders. However, systematic investigations on variance in lacking. current study aims at identifying distinctive phenotypes among To this end, 1175 participants completed differential conditioning phase followed test. identify patterns generalization, we used k-means clustering algorithm based individual arousal gradients. Subsequently, examined reliability and validity clusters phenotypical differences between subgroups basis psychometric data markers expression. Cluster analysis reliably revealed five systematically differed mean responses, differentiation threat safety, linearity gradients, though response levels accounted most variance. Remarkably, responses were already evident during acquisition corresponded closely to measures traits. The identified described individuals distinct characteristics Following dimensional view psychopathology, these likely delineate risk factors As crucial group acquisition, our results emphasize importance average safety

Language: Английский

Don’t fear ‘fear conditioning’: Methodological considerations for the design and analysis of studies on human fear acquisition, extinction, and return of fear DOI Creative Commons
Tina B. Lonsdorf, Mareike M. Menz, Marta Andreatta

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 247 - 285

Published: March 3, 2017

The so-called 'replicability crisis' has sparked methodological discussions in many areas of science general, and psychology particular. This led to recent endeavours promote the transparency, rigour, ultimately, replicability research. Originating from this zeitgeist, challenge discuss critical issues on terminology, design, methods, analysis considerations fear conditioning research is taken up by work, which involved representatives fourteen major human laboratories Europe. compendium intended provide a basis for development common procedural terminology framework field conditioning. Whenever possible, we give general recommendations. When not feasible, evidence-based guidance decisions study outcome measures, analyses. Importantly, work also raise awareness initiate crucial questions with respect data collection, processing, statistical analyses, impact subtle changes, reporting specifically tailored

Language: Английский

Citations

743
The role of associative fear and avoidance learning in anxiety disorders: Gaps and directions for future research DOI
Andre Pittig,

Michael Treanor,

Richard T. LeBeau

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 117 - 140

Published: March 15, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

268
Understanding clinical fear and anxiety through the lens of human fear conditioning DOI Open Access
Tom Beckers, Dirk Hermans, Iris Lange

et al.

Nature Reviews Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 233 - 245

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

84
Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research DOI Creative Commons
Tina B. Lonsdorf, Maren Klingelhöfer-Jens, Marta Andreatta

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Dec. 16, 2019

In this report, we illustrate the considerable impact of researcher degrees freedom with respect to exclusion participants in paradigms a learning element. We empirically through case examples from human fear conditioning research, which 'non-learners' and 'non-responders' is common - despite lack consensus on how define these groups. substantial heterogeneity criteria identified systematic literature search highlight potential problems pitfalls different definitions based re-analyses existing data sets. On basis studies, propose evidence-based rather than idiosyncratic criteria, including clear guidelines reporting details. Taken together, flexibility collection analysis can be avoided, will benefit robustness replicability research findings expected applicable other fields that involve

Language: Английский

Citations

136
Fear in the context of pain: Lessons learned from 100 years of fear conditioning research DOI Creative Commons
Ann Meulders

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 131, P. 103635 - 103635

Published: April 30, 2020

Human fear conditioning research since Watson's case study on "Little Albert" has vastly evolved and its impact today is reaching far beyond phobic anxiety. This review focuses how research, mainly using exteroceptive conditioned stimuli (CSs) aversive, non-noxious as unconditioned (USs), been extended translated to chronic pain research. We describe the different pain-related paradigms proprioceptive interoceptive CSs painful USs that have developed specific forms of (i.e. movement, touch, visceral sensations, penetration) are relevant for conditions musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic genital pain). present evidence patients with demonstrate impaired safety learning excessive generalization; anomalies also observed in anxiety disorders. Extinction-based protocols (exposure vivo) reduce increase daily functioning various Finally, we outline some challenges future directions further our understanding mechanisms underlying development, persistence, treatment disability.

Language: Английский

Citations

129
Avoidance and its bi-directional relationship with conditioned fear: Mechanisms, moderators, and clinical implications DOI Creative Commons
Andre Pittig, Alex H.K. Wong, Valentina M. Glück

et al.

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 126, P. 103550 - 103550

Published: Jan. 11, 2020

Fear motivates different types of defensive behaviors. These behaviors are, however, not mere byproducts fear. In this review, we highlight a bi-directional relationship between conditioned fear and instrumental behavior in humans. We discuss mechanisms involved the link from to goal-directed avoidance (e.g., relief, generalization), that may become habitual. turn reduce, preserve, or amplify responding protection-from-extinction, behavior-as-information). Multiple factors moderate relationship. Evidence for amplifying dampening effects inter-individual differences trait anxiety, distress tolerance), intra-individual states stress), external incentives competing behavior) on and/or habitual is reviewed. However, exact by which these are still largely unknown modulating directly vs. indirectly via fear). Finally, major implications: First, understanding moderating provides insights into risk resilience anxious psychopathology. Second, specific experimental models clinical interventions can be mapped onto distinct avoidance). More precise matching will help develop nuanced reduce pathological individualize treatments.

Language: Английский

Citations

124
Measuring learning in human classical threat conditioning: Translational, cognitive and methodological considerations DOI
Karita E. Ojala, Dominik R. Bach

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 96 - 112

Published: April 27, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

106
Better Safe Than Sorry: A Common Signature of General Vulnerability for Psychopathology DOI
Omer Van den Bergh, J. F. Brosschot, Hugo Critchley

et al.

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 225 - 246

Published: Oct. 2, 2020

Several labels, such as neuroticism, negative emotionality, and dispositional negativity, indicate a broad dimension of psychopathology. However, largely separate, often disorder-specific research lines have developed that focus on different cognitive affective characteristics are associated with this dimension, perseverative cognition (worry, rumination), reduced autobiographical memory specificity, compromised fear learning, enhanced somatic-symptom reporting. In article, we present theoretical perspective within predictive-processing framework in which trace these phenotypically back to common underlying “better-safe-than-sorry” processing strategy. This implies information tends be low sensory-perceptual detail, allows threat-related categorical priors dominate conscious experience for chronic uncertainty/surprise because stagnated error-reduction process. information-processing strategy has beneficial effects the short term but important costs long term. From perspective, suggest phenomenally distinct psychopathological mentioned above represent same basic heuristic brain only relation particular type involved (e.g., working memory, external internal world). Clinical implications view discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

103
The validity of human avoidance paradigms DOI
Angelos‐Miltiadis Krypotos, Bram Vervliet,

Iris M. Engelhard

et al.

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 111, P. 99 - 105

Published: Oct. 29, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

99
Memories are not written in stone: Re-writing fear memories by means of non-invasive brain stimulation and optogenetic manipulations DOI
Sara Borgomaneri, Simone Battaglia, Giuseppe Sciamanna

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 334 - 352

Published: May 5, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

84