The neuroscience of positive emotions and affect: Implications for cultivating happiness and wellbeing

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 121, P. 220 - 249

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

This review paper provides an integrative account regarding neurophysiological correlates of positive emotions and affect that cumulatively contribute to the scaffolding for happiness wellbeing in humans other animals. reviews associations among neurotransmitters, hormones, brain networks, cognitive functions context affect. Consideration lifespan developmental perspectives are incorporated, we also examine impact healthy social relationships environmental contexts on modulation The processes implement dynamic modifiable, meditative practices as well flow states change patterns function ultimately support discussed. is part “The Human Affectome Project” (http://neuroqualia.org/background.php), order advance a primary aim Project, reviewed relevant linguistic dimensions terminology characterizes wellbeing. These discussed within neuroscience literature with overarching goal generating novel recommendations advancing research

Language: Английский

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Connectome‐Based Predictive Modeling of Trait Mindfulness

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 46(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Trait mindfulness refers to one's disposition or tendency pay attention their experiences in the present moment, a non‐judgmental and accepting way. has been robustly associated with positive mental health outcomes, but its neural underpinnings are poorly understood. Prior resting‐state fMRI studies have trait within‐ between‐network connectivity of default‐mode (DMN), fronto‐parietal (FPN), salience networks. However, it is unclear how generalizable findings are, they relate different components mindfulness, other networks brain areas may be involved. To address these gaps, we conducted largest study to‐date, consisting pre‐registered connectome‐based predictive modeling analysis 367 meditation‐naïve adults across three samples collected at sites. In model‐training dataset, did not find connections that predicted overall identified models two subscales, Acting Awareness Non‐judging . Models included both (sets pairwise positively increasing connectivity) negative networks, which showed inverse relationship. The network distinct representations involving FPN DMN, respectively. models, overlapped significantly involved whole prominent involvement somatomotor, visual DMN Only generalized predict subscale scores out‐of‐sample, test datasets. Predictions from were also negatively correlated predictions well‐established mind‐wandering connectome model. We preliminary evidence for based on specific affective cognitive facets. incomplete generalization all sites scanners, limited stability as well substantial overlap between underscores difficulty finding robust markers

Language: Английский

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Classifying heterogeneous presentations of PTSD via the default mode, central executive, and salience networks with machine learning

NeuroImage Clinical, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27, P. 102262 - 102262

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), including the default mode network (DMN), central executive (CEN), and salience (SN) have been shown to be aberrant in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of current study was a) compare ICN functional between PTSD, dissociative subtype PTSD (PTSD+DS) healthy individuals; b) examine use multivariate machine learning algorithms classifying PTSD+DS, individuals based on activation. Our neuroimaging dataset consisted resting-state fMRI scans from 186 participants [PTSD (n = 81); + DS 49); controls 56)]. We performed group-level independent component analyses evaluate differences within each ICN. Multiclass Gaussian Process Classification PRoNTo software were then used predict diagnosis When comparing ICNs PTSD+DS controls, we found differential patterns brain regions involved emotion regulation, addition limbic structures areas self-referential processing, interoception, bodily self-consciousness, depersonalization/derealization. Machine able high accuracy classification results suggest that alterations intrinsic may underlie unique psychopathology symptom presentation among subtypes. Furthermore, findings substantiate for subtypes illness ICNs.

Language: Английский

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The neuroscience of social feelings: mechanisms of adaptive social functioning

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 128, P. 592 - 620

Published: June 2, 2021

Social feelings have conceptual and empirical connections with affect emotion. In this review, we discuss how they relate to cognition, emotion, behavior well-being. We examine the functional neuroanatomy neurobiology of social their role in adaptive functioning. Existing neuroscience literature is reviewed identify concepts, methods challenges that might be addressed by research. Specific topic areas highlight influence modulation on interpersonal affiliation, parent-child attachments, moral sentiments, stressors, emotional communication. Brain regions involved were confirmed meta-analysis using Neurosynth platform for large-scale, automated synthesis magnetic resonance imaging data. Words specifically identfied as potential research variables. Topical inquiries into media behaviors, loneliness, trauma, sensitivity, especially recent physical distancing guarding public personal health, underscored increasing importance affective second person implications brain development, mental lifelong

Language: Английский

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The sense of self in the aftermath of trauma: lessons from the default mode network in posttraumatic stress disorder

European journal of psychotraumatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

Trauma can profoundly affect the sense of self, where both cognitive and somatic disturbances to self are reported clinically by individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These captured eloquently clinical accounts, such as, 'I do not know myself anymore,' will never be able experience normal emotions again,' and, feel dead inside.' Self-related thoughts experiences represented neurobiologically a large-scale, cortical network located along brain's mid-line referred as default mode (DMN). Recruited predominantly during rest in healthy participants, DMN is also active self-referential autobiographical memory processing – processes which, collectively, thought provide foundation for stable that persists across time may available conscious access. In participants PTSD, however, shows substantially reduced resting-state functional connectivity compared individuals, greater reductions associated heightened PTSD symptom severity. Critically, describe frequently their traumatic have become intimately linked perceived perception which mediated, part, alterations DMN. Accordingly, identification rest, subliminal, trauma-related stimulus conditions, has potential offer critical insight into dynamic interplay between trauma- self-related PTSD. Here, we discuss DMN-related these pointing further towards significance findings relation past- present-centred therapies treatment

Language: Английский

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Dynamic relationships between spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological activity

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: June 15, 2021

Spontaneous neural activity fluctuations have been shown to influence trial-by-trial variation in perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. However, the complex electrophysiological mechanisms by which these shape stimulus-evoked remain largely be explored. Employing a large-scale magnetoencephalographic dataset an electroencephalographic replication dataset, we investigate relationship between spontaneous evoked across range of variables. We observe that for high-frequency activity, high pre-stimulus amplitudes lead greater desynchronization, while low frequencies, induce larger degrees event-related synchronization. further decompose power into oscillatory scale-free components, demonstrating different patterns spontaneous-evoked correlation each component. Finally, find correlations time-domain signals. Overall, demonstrate dynamics multiple variables exhibit distinct relationships their result carries implications experimental design analysis non-invasive electrophysiology.

Language: Английский

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Human Brain Organoids and Consciousness

Neuroethics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Abstract This article proposes a methodological schema for engaging in productive discussion of ethical issues regarding human brain organoids (HBOs), which are three-dimensional cortical neural tissues created using pluripotent stem cells. Although moral consideration HBOs significantly involves the possibility that they have consciousness, there is no widely accepted procedure to determine whether conscious. Given this case, it has been argued we should adopt precautionary principle about consciousness according which, if not certain consciousness—and where treating as having may cause harm them—we proceed do consciousness. emphasizes advantage adopting principle: enables us sidestep question (the whether-question) and, instead, directly address w hat kinds conscious experiences can what-kind-question), what-kind-question more tractable than whether-question. By addressing (and, particular, what valenced have), will be able examine how much deserve. With mind, confronts with assistance experimental studies and suggests an framework supports restricting creation use bioscience.

Language: Английский

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Ongoing Brain Activity and Its Role in Cognition: Dual versus Baseline Models

The Neuroscientist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 393 - 420

Published: May 25, 2022

What is the role of brain’s ongoing activity for cognition? The predominant perspectives associate brain with resting state, default-mode network (DMN), and internally oriented mentation. This triad often contrasted task states, non-DMN networks, externally mentation, together comprising a “dual model” cognition. In opposition to this duality, however, we propose that serves as neuronal baseline; builds upon Raichle’s original search default mode function extended beyond canonical regions. That entails what refer “baseline model.” Akin an internal biological clock rest organism, may serve point reference or standard by providing shared neural code well including their associated Such manifest in spatiotemporal organization activity, its global signal topography dynamics like intrinsic timescales. We conclude recent empirical evidence supports baseline model over dual model; provides allows integrating DMN non-DMN,

Language: Английский

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Me, Myself and My Insula: An Oasis in the Forefront of Self-Consciousness

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 599 - 599

Published: April 14, 2023

The insula is a multiconnected brain region that centralizes wide range of information, from the most internal bodily states, such as interoception, to high-order processes, knowledge about oneself. Therefore, would be core involved in self networks. Over past decades, question has been extensively explored, highlighting differences descriptions various components but also similarities global structure self. Indeed, researchers consider comprises phenomenological part and conceptual part, present moment or extending over time. However, anatomical substrates self, more specifically link between remain unclear. We conducted narrative review better understand relationship how functional damages insular cortex can impact conditions. Our work revealed primitive levels could consequently extended time, namely autobiographical memory. Across different pathologies, we propose damage engender collapse

Language: Английский

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The Human Affectome

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 105450 - 105450

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Over the last decades, interdisciplinary field of affective sciences has seen proliferation rather than integration theoretical perspectives. This is due to differences in metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions about human phenomena (what they are how work) which, shaped by academic motivations values, have determined constructs operationalizations. An assumption on purpose can be used as a teleological principle guide construction common set assumptions—a framework for research. In this capstone paper special issue "Towards an Integrated Understanding Human Affectome", we gather tiered synthesize that account collectively. teleologically-grounded offers principled agenda launchpad both organizing existing perspectives generating new ones. Ultimately, hope Affectome brings us step closer not only integrated understanding phenomena, but

Language: Английский

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