The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 114(6), P. 1873 - 1885

Published: July 27, 2021

According to a commonly held view, the obesity pandemic is caused by overconsumption of modern, highly palatable, energy-dense processed foods, exacerbated sedentary lifestyle. However, rates remain at historic highs, despite persistent focus on eating less and moving more, as guided energy balance model (EBM). This public health failure may arise from fundamental limitation EBM itself. Conceptualizing disorder restates principle physics without considering biological mechanisms that promote weight gain. An alternative paradigm, carbohydrate-insulin (CIM), proposes reversal causal direction. CIM, increasing fat deposition in body-resulting hormonal responses high-glycemic-load diet-drives positive balance. The CIM provides conceptual framework with testable hypotheses for how various modifiable factors influence storage. Rigorous research needed compare validity these 2 models, which have substantially different implications management, generate new models best encompass evidence.

Language: Английский

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Competing paradigms of obesity pathogenesis: energy balance versus carbohydrate-insulin models

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(9), P. 1209 - 1221

Published: July 27, 2022

Abstract The obesity pandemic continues unabated despite a persistent public health campaign to decrease energy intake (“eat less”) and increase expenditure (“move more”). One explanation for this failure is that the current approach, based on notion of balance, has not been adequately embraced by public. Another possibility approach rests an erroneous paradigm. A new formulation balance model (EBM), like prior versions, considers overeating (energy > expenditure) primary cause obesity, incorporating emphasis “complex endocrine, metabolic, nervous system signals” control food below conscious level. This attributes rising prevalence inexpensive, convenient, energy-dense, “ultra-processed” foods high in fat sugar. An alternative view, carbohydrate-insulin (CIM), proposes hormonal responses highly processed carbohydrates shift partitioning toward deposition adipose tissue, leaving fewer calories available body’s metabolic needs. Thus, increasing adiposity causes compensate sequestered calories. Here, we highlight robust contrasts how EBM CIM view pathophysiology consider deficiencies impede paradigm testing refinement. Rectifying these should assume priority, as constructive clash needed resolve long-standing scientific controversies inform design models guide prevention treatment. Nevertheless, action need await resolution debate, both target major drivers obesity.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacology and toxicology of tannins

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 96(5), P. 1257 - 1277

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiological Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Animal Models

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 241 - 241

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

The global pandemic of obesity poses a serious health, social, and economic burden. Patients living with are at an increased risk developing noncommunicable diseases or to die prematurely. Obesity is state chronic low-grade inflammation. Neutrophils first be recruited sites inflammation, where they contribute host defense via phagocytosis, degranulation, extrusion neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs web-like DNA structures nuclear mitochondrial associated cytosolic antimicrobial proteins. primary function NETosis preventing the dissemination pathogens. However, neutrophils may occasionally misidentify molecules as danger-associated molecular patterns, triggering NET formation. This can lead further recruitment neutrophils, resulting in propagation vicious cycle persistent systemic scenario occur when infiltrate expanded obese adipose tissue. Thus, implicated pathophysiology autoimmune metabolic disorders, including obesity. review explores role two obesity-associated conditions-hypertension liver steatosis. With rising prevalence driving research into its pathophysiology, particularly through diet-induced models rodents, we discuss insights gained from both human animal studies. Additionally, highlight potential offered by rodent opportunities presented genetically modified mouse strains for advancing our understanding obesity-related

Language: Английский

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High-Fat Diet and Female Fertility across Lifespan: A Comparative Lesson from Mammal Models

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(20), P. 4341 - 4341

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Female reproduction focuses mainly on achieving fully grown follicles and competent oocytes to be successfully fertilized, as well nourishing the developing offspring once pregnancy occurs. Current evidence demonstrates that obesity and/or high-fat diet regimes can perturbate these processes, leading female infertility transgenerational disorders. Since mechanisms reproductive processes involved are not yet clarified, present review is designed a systematic comparative survey of available literature. The data demonstrate adverse influences diverse such folliculogenesis, oogenesis, embryo development/implant. negative impact may attributed direct action somatic germinal compartments an indirect influence mediated by endocrine, metabolic, immune axis control systems. Overall, highlights fragmentation current information limiting comprehension diet. Based incidence prevalence in Western countries, this topic becomes research challenge increase self-awareness dietary risk propose solid rigorous preventive regimes, develop targeted pharmacological interventions.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Microalgae on Metabolic Syndrome

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 449 - 449

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disturbances, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hyperglycemia. Adopting healthier lifestyle multiple drug-based therapies are current ways to manage MetS, but they have limited efficacy, albeit the prevalence MetS rising. Microalgae part human diet has also been consumed as health supplement improve insulin sensitivity, inflammation, several components MetS. These therapeutic effects microalgae attributed bioactive compounds present in them that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, studies investigating potential alleviating becoming more popular, review on this topic remains scarce. In review, we discuss microalgae, specifically by reviewing evidence from scientific literature covering vitro vivo studies. addition, underlying mechanisms modulate limitations future perspectives developing for supplementation viable approach disturbances unique addition management

Language: Английский

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Novel insights into metabolic‐associated steatotic liver disease preclinical models

Liver International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 644 - 662

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Metabolic‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of metabolic conditions associated with an excess fat accumulation in the liver, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finding appropriate tools study its development progression is essential address unmet therapeutic staging needs. This review discusses advantages shortcomings different dietary, chemical genetic factors that can be used mimic this mice point view. Also, will highlight some additional considerations could have strong impact on outcomes our model end up providing recommendations checklist facilitate selection MASLD preclinical based clinical aims.

Language: Английский

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Pterostilbene alleviates cafeteria diet-induced obesity and underlying depression in adolescent male Swiss albino mice and affects insulin resistance, inflammation, HPA axis dysfunction and SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 105504 - 105504

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Outrunning a bad diet: Interactions between exercise and a Western-style diet for adolescent mental health, metabolism and microbes

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 105147 - 105147

Published: March 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to Elucidate the Connections among Smell, Obesity with Related Metabolic Alterations, and Eating Habit in Patients with Weight Excess

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 206 - 206

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Obesity is a severe health problem linked to an increased risk of comorbidity and mortality its etiopathogenesis includes genetic, epigenetic, microbiota composition, environmental factors, such as dietary habits. The olfactory system plays important role in controlling food intake meal size, influencing body weight energy balance. This study aims identify the connection between function clinical nutritional aspects related excess group 68 patients with overweight or obesity. All participants underwent evaluation function, anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference), (hypertension, disglycemia, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome), adherence Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean Diet Score). A fourth-generation artificial neural network mining approach was used uncover trends subtle associations variables. Olfactory tests showed that 65% presented hyposmia. negative correlation found scores systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides levels, but positive score. methodology networks semantic connectivity map "Auto-Contractive Map" highlighted underlying scheme connections variables considered. In particular, hyposmia obesity alterations male sex. female sex connected normosmia, higher diet, normal values lipids, glucose levels. These results highlight inverse skills BMI show normosmic condition, probably because greater seems protect not only from excessive increase also associated pathological conditions hypertension syndrome.

Language: Английский

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