Treatment of Eating Disorders

American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Aversive generalization in human amygdala neurons

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neuromodulation of Fear and Anxiety Circuits

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Using computational models of learning to advance cognitive behavioral therapy

Communications Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: April 27, 2025

Abstract Many psychotherapy interventions have a large evidence base and can help substantial number of people with symptoms mental health conditions. However, we still little understanding why treatments work. Early advances in psychotherapy, such as the development exposure therapy, built on theoretical experimental from Pavlovian instrumental conditioning. More generally, all achieves change through learning. The past 25 years seen developments computational models learning, increased precision focus multiple learning mechanisms their interaction. Now might be good time to formalize improve our psychotherapy. To advance research bring together new joint field theory-driven first review literature cognitive behavioral therapy (exposure restructuring) introduce reinforcement representation We then suggest mapping these algorithms processes presumably underlying effects restructuring. Finally, outline how lens inform intervention research.

Language: Английский

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Causally Probing the Role of the Hippocampus in Fear Discrimination: A Precision Functional Mapping–Guided, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study in Participants With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 100309 - 100309

Published: March 22, 2024

Fear overgeneralization is a promising pathogenic mechanism of clinical anxiety. A dominant model posits that hippocampal pattern separation failures drive overgeneralization. Hippocampal network targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (HNT-TMS) has been shown to strengthen hippocampal-dependent learning/memory processes. However, no study examined whether HNT-TMS can alter fear learning/memory. Continuous theta-burst (cTBS) was delivered individualized left posterior parietal sites derived via seed-based connectivity, precision functional mapping, and electric-field modeling methods. vertex control site also stimulated in within-subject, randomized controlled design. cTBS prior two visual discrimination tasks (one based, one neutral). Multilevel models were used test data. Subjects undergraduates with post-traumatic stress symptoms (final N = 25). Main analyses did not indicate strengthened discrimination. multilevel interaction revealed participants lower sensitization (indexed by responses stimulus similarity the conditioned cue) across multiple indices (anxiety ratings: β 0.10 [0.04, 0.17], p 0.001; risk 0.07 [0.00, 0.13], 0.037). Overgeneralization an associative process reflecting deficient cue from similar cues. In contrast, reflects non-associative responding unrelated similarity. Our results suggest may selectively sharpen when response patterns, which putatively implicate hippocampus, are more strongly engaged.

Language: Английский

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Projections from the Prefrontal Cortex to Zona Incerta Mediate Fear Generalization

Neuroscience Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(7), P. 1151 - 1156

Published: March 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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Pattern separation of fear extinction memory

Learning & Memory, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(5-6), P. 110 - 115

Published: May 1, 2023

While fear generalizes widely, extinction is stimulus-specific. Using a hybrid conditioning/episodic memory paradigm, subjects encoded nonrepeating category exemplars during conditioning and extinction. Twenty-four hours later, surprise test included old, similar, novel exemplars. Results showed strong dissociation between pattern completion (generalization) separation (discrimination) in episodic for items versus extinction, respectively. These data suggest that directly threat-conditioned stimuli are better recognized at the expense of mnemonic precision, whereas discrimination enhanced extinguished stimuli. Overly precise may be contributing factor to relapse.

Language: Английский

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Endocannabinoid signaling and epigenetics modifications in the neurobiology of stress-related disorders

Neuronal Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: July 1, 2023

Stress exposure is associated with psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It also a vulnerability factor to developing or reinstating substance use disorder. causes several changes in the neuro-immune-endocrine axis, potentially resulting prolonged dysfunction diseases. Changes transmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glucocorticoids, cytokines, are disorders behavioral alterations preclinical studies. Complex interacting mechanisms make it very difficult understand physiopathology of psychiatry conditions; therefore, studying regulatory that impact these good approach. In last decades, on biology through epigenetic markers, which directly gene expression, under intense investigation; animal models after drug exposure, for example. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system modulates response, reward circuits, other physiological functions, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation immune response. eCBs, example, act retrogradely at presynaptic neurons, limiting release neurotransmitters, mechanism implicated antidepressant anxiolytic effects stress. Epigenetic can expression eCB molecules, turn regulate mechanisms. This review will present evidence how interact consequences this interaction modulating studies conditions. Moreover, correlates involvement abuse contexts be discussed.

Language: Английский

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Exaggerated sensitivity to threat and reduced medial prefrontal engagement during threat generalization in reactive aggressive adolescents

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 294, P. 120645 - 120645

Published: May 10, 2024

Aggressive adolescents tend to exhibit abnormal fear acquisition and extinction, reactive aggressive are often more anxious. However, the relationship between generalization aggression (RA) remains unknown. According Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) scores, 61 were divided into two groups, namely, a high RA group (N = 30) low (LA) 31). All participants underwent three consecutive phases of Pavlovian conditioning paradigm (i.e., habituation, acquisition, generalization), neural activation medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The stimuli ten circles with varying sizes, including conditioned (CSs) eight (GSs). A scream at 85 dB served as auditory unconditioned stimulus (US). US expectancy ratings both CSs GSs higher in than LA group. fNIRS results showed that evoked lower mPFC compared during generalization. These findings suggest abnormalities prototypical dysregulations RA. They provide neurocognitive evidence for dysregulated learning mechanisms underlying RA, highlighting need develop emotional regulation interventions these individuals.

Language: Английский

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Classic Antipsychotic Medications

American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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