Significant
efforts
have
been
made
in
the
past
decades
to
understand
how
mental
and
cognitive
processes
are
underpinned
by
neural
mechanisms
brain.
This
paper
argues
that
a
promising
way
forward
understanding
nature
of
human
cognition
is
zoom
out
from
prevailing
picture
focusing
on
its
basis.
It
considers
instead
neurons
work
tandem
with
other
type
cells
(e.g.
immune)
subserve
biological
self-organisation
adaptive
behaviour
organism
as
whole.
We
focus
specifically
immune
cellular
processing
key
actor
complementing
neuronal
achieving
successful
adaptation
body
an
ever-changing
environment.
overview
theoretical
empirical
evidence
‘basal
cognition’
challenging
idea
only
brain
exclusive
ability
‘learn’
or
‘cognize’.
The
rather
than
neural,
underscores
flexible
responses
fluctuations
environment
require
carefully
crafted
orchestration
multiple
bodily
systems
at
organisational
levels
organism.
Hence
can
be
seen
multiscale
web
dynamic
information
distributed
across
vast
array
complex
neuronal,
immune,
others)
network
systems,
operating
entire
body,
not
just
Ultimately,
this
builds
up
towards
radical
claim
should
confined
one
system
alone,
namely
brain,
no
matter
sophisticated
latter
notoriously
is.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: April 13, 2023
While
contemporary
psychiatry
seeks
the
mechanisms
of
mental
disorders
in
neurobiology,
health
problems
clearly
depend
on
developmental
processes
learning
and
adaptation
through
ongoing
interactions
with
social
environment.
Symptoms
or
emerge
specific
contexts
involve
predicaments
that
cannot
be
fully
characterized
terms
brain
function
but
require
a
larger
social-ecological
view.
Causal
result
can
begin
anywhere
within
extended
system
body-person-environment.
In
particular,
individuals'
narrative
self-construal,
culturally
mediated
interpretations
symptoms
coping
strategies
as
well
responses
others
world
contribute
to
disorders,
illness
experience,
recovery.
this
paper,
we
outline
conceptual
basis
practical
implications
hierarchical
ecosocial
systems
view
for
an
integrative
approach
psychiatric
theory
practice.
The
cultural-ecosocial
propose
understands
mind,
person
situated
constituted
by
cultural
self-reflexive
processes.
This
incorporated
into
pragmatic
clinical
assessment
case
formulation
characterizes
pathology
identifies
targets
intervention.
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: May 17, 2023
Significant
efforts
have
been
made
in
the
past
decades
to
understand
how
mental
and
cognitive
processes
are
underpinned
by
neural
mechanisms
brain.
This
paper
argues
that
a
promising
way
forward
understanding
nature
of
human
cognition
is
zoom
out
from
prevailing
picture
focusing
on
its
basis.
It
considers
instead
neurons
work
tandem
with
other
type
cells
(e.g.,
immune)
subserve
biological
self-organization
adaptive
behavior
organism
as
whole.
We
focus
specifically
immune
cellular
processing
key
actor
complementing
neuronal
achieving
successful
adaptation
body
an
ever-changing
environment.
overview
theoretical
empirical
evidence
"basal
cognition"
challenging
idea
only
brain
exclusive
ability
"learn"
or
"cognize."
The
rather
than
neural,
underscores
flexible
responses
fluctuations
environment
require
carefully
crafted
orchestration
multiple
bodily
systems
at
organizational
levels
organism.
Hence
can
be
seen
multiscale
web
dynamic
information
distributed
across
vast
array
complex
neuronal,
immune,
others)
network
systems,
operating
entire
body,
not
just
Ultimately,
this
builds
up
toward
radical
claim
should
confined
one
system
alone,
namely,
brain,
no
matter
sophisticated
latter
notoriously
is.
Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: July 11, 2022
The
serotonin-transporter-linked
promoter
region
(5-HTTLPR)
has
been
widely
investigated
as
contributing
to
depression
vulnerability.
Nevertheless,
empirical
research
provides
wide
contrasting
findings
regarding
its
involvement
in
the
etiopathogenesis
of
disorder.
Our
hypothesis
was
that
such
discrepancy
can
be
explained
considering
time
moderating
factor.
We
explored
this
hypothesis,
exploiting
a
meta
analytic
approach.
searched
PubMed,
PsychoINFO,
Scopus
and
EMBASE
databases
1096
studies
were
identified
screened,
resulting
22
included
meta-analyses.
effect
5-HTTLPR
x
stress
interaction
on
risk
found
moderated
by
following
temporal
factors:
duration
(i.e.
chronic
vs.
acute)
interval
between
end
assessment
within
1
year
more
than
year).
When
stratifying
for
stress,
emerged
only
case
with
significant
subgroup
difference
(p
=
0.004).
stratification
according
revealed
intervals
year,
though
no
subgroups
found.
critical
role
clearly
when
stress:
confirmed
exclusively
0.01).
These
results
show
is
dynamic
process,
producing
different
effects
at
points,
indirectly
confirm
s-allele
carriers
are
both
higher
capable
recover
from
depression.
Overall,
these
expand
current
view
interplay
adding
dimension,
three-way
interaction:
gene
environment
time.
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
60(5), P. 4687 - 4706
Published: April 1, 2024
Abstract
Notwithstanding
the
huge
progress
in
molecular
and
cellular
neuroscience,
our
ability
to
understand
brain
develop
effective
treatments
promoting
mental
health
is
still
limited.
This
can
be
partially
ascribed
reductionist,
deterministic
mechanistic
approaches
neuroscience
that
struggle
with
complexity
of
central
nervous
system.
Here,
I
introduce
Context
theory
constrained
systems
proposing
a
novel
role
contextual
factors
genetic,
neural
substrates
determining
functioning
behavior.
entails
key
conceptual
implications.
First,
context
main
driver
behavior
states.
Second,
substrates,
from
genes
areas,
have
no
direct
causal
link
complex
behavioral
responses
as
they
combined
multiple
ways
produce
same
response
different
impinge
on
substrates.
Third,
biological
play
distinct
roles
behavior:
drives
behavior,
constrain
repertoire
implemented.
Fourth,
since
interface
between
system
environment,
it
privileged
level
control
orchestration
functioning.
Such
implications
are
illustrated
through
Kitchen
metaphor
brain.
theoretical
framework
calls
for
revision
concepts
psychiatry,
including
causality,
specificity
individuality.
Moreover,
at
clinical
level,
proposes
inducing
changes
interventions
having
highest
impact
reorganize
human
mind
achieve
long‐lasting
improvement
health.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: March 7, 2025
Recognizing
that
nonhuman
animals
are
sentient
beings
has
increased
interest
in
studying
their
emotional
state.
Similar
to
humans,
research
shown
some
mammals
can
modify
facial
expressions
by
contraction/relaxation
of
muscles
according
affective
From
a
neurophysiological
perspective,
emotions
processed
several
brain
structures,
mainly
from
the
limbic
system,
such
as
hypothalamus,
hypophysis,
hippocampus,
prefrontal
cortex,
and
amygdala.
The
converged
pathways
between
amygdala,
motor
its
projections
nerve
control
movement
or
mimetic
muscles.
Thus,
expression
is
suggested
reflect
internal
state
could
serve
an
essential
mode
nonverbal
communication
mammals.
In
Facial
Action
Coding
System
(FACS)
method
objectively
analyzes
movements
using
anatomical
base.
veterinary
medicine,
AnimalFACS
adaptation
this
system
eight
animal
species,
including
domestic
(dogs,
cats,
horses)
primates
(chimpanzees,
orangutans,
gibbons,
macaques,
common
marmosets).
Considering
these
coded
movements,
current
aims
associate
certain
with
animals’
states
contexts.
review
discuss
recent
findings
associated
neurobiology
non-human
mammals,
understand
communication.
Characterizing
each
different
contexts
might
help
identify
if
expressing
positive
negative
response
event,
which
improve
human-animal
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
161, P. 105648 - 105648
Published: March 31, 2024
This
narrative
review
describes
the
research
on
effects
of
association
between
environmental
context
and
medications,
suggesting
benefit
specific
design
interventions
in
adjunction
to
pharmacotherapy.
The
literature
Evidence-Based
Design
(EBD)
studies
Neuro-Architecture
show
how
contact
with
light,
nature,
physical
features
urban
interior
architecture
may
enhance
analgesic,
anxiolytics,
antidepressant
drugs.
interaction
mirrors
those
already
known
psychedelics,
drugs
abuse,
setting.
Considering
that
feature
space
is
a
component
complex
placebo
configuration,
aim
highlight
elements
built
or
natural
help
improve
drug
response
terms
efficacy,
tolerability,
safety,
compliance.
Ecocebo,
integration
approaches
such
as
EBD
thus
contribute
more
efficient,
cost-sensitive,
sustainable
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
60(5), P. 4756 - 4770
Published: June 10, 2024
We
develop
a
mathematical
approach
to
formally
proving
that
certain
neural
computations
and
representations
exist
based
on
patterns
observed
in
an
organism's
behaviour.
To
illustrate,
we
provide
simple
set
of
conditions
under
which
ant's
ability
determine
how
far
it
is
from
its
nest
would
logically
imply
structures
isomorphic
the
natural
numbers
