Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: July 21, 2017
Animals
execute
one
particular
behavior
among
many
others
in
a
context-dependent
manner,
yet
the
mechanisms
underlying
such
behavioral
choice
remain
poorly
understood.
Here
we
studied
how
two
fundamental
behaviors,
sex
and
sleep,
interact
at
genetic
neuronal
levels
Drosophila.
We
show
that
an
increased
need
for
sleep
inhibits
male
sexual
by
decreasing
activity
of
male-specific
P1
neurons
coexpress
determination
genes
fru
M
dsx,
but
does
not
affect
female
behavior.
Further,
delineate
sex-specific
circuit
wherein
encoding
courtship
drive
suppressed
forming
mutually
excitatory
connections
with
-positive
sleep-controlling
DN1
neurons.
In
addition,
find
FRUM
regulates
through
distinct
neural
substrates.
These
studies
reveal
basis
interaction
between
behaviors
Drosophila,
provide
insights
into
competing
are
co-regulated.Genes
circuits
involved
arousal
have
been
extensively
authors
identify
fruitless
doublesex,
P1-DN1
feedback
governs
these
behaviors.
How
brains
are
hardwired
to
produce
aggressive
behavior,
and
how
aggression
circuits
related
those
that
mediate
courtship,
is
not
well
understood.
A
large-scale
screen
for
aggression-promoting
neurons
in
Drosophila
identified
several
independent
hits
enhanced
both
inter-male
courtship.
Genetic
intersections
revealed
8-10
P1
interneurons,
previously
thought
exclusively
control
male
were
sufficient
promote
fighting.
Optogenetic
experiments
indicated
activation
could
at
a
threshold
below
required
wing
extension.
the
absence
of
extension
triggered
persistent
via
an
internal
state
endure
minutes.
High-frequency
promoted
suppressed
during
photostimulation,
whereas
resumed
was
inhibited
following
photostimulation
offset.
Thus,
neuron
promotes
latent,
facilitates
controls
overt
expression
these
social
behaviors
threshold-dependent,
inverse
manner.
Genes,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9(5), P. 254 - 254
Published: May 15, 2018
Understanding
the
phenotypic
and
molecular
mechanisms
that
contribute
to
genetic
diversity
between
within
species
is
fundamental
in
studying
evolution
of
species.
In
particular,
identifying
interspecific
differences
lead
reduction
or
even
cessation
gene
flow
nascent
one
main
goals
speciation
research.
Transposable
elements
(TEs)
are
DNA
sequences
with
ability
move
genomes.
TEs
ubiquitous
throughout
eukaryotic
genomes
have
been
shown
alter
regulatory
networks,
expression,
rearrange
as
a
result
their
transposition.
However,
no
systematic
effort
has
evaluated
role
speciation.
We
compiled
evidence
for
potential
causes
reproductive
isolation
across
taxa.
find
often
associated
hybrid
defects
might
preclude
fusion
species,
but
involvement
other
barriers
different
from
postzygotic
still
relatively
unknown.
Finally,
we
list
series
guides
research
avenues
disentangle
effects
on
origin
new
Frontiers in Psychology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: April 24, 2019
Emotion
plays
a
crucial
role,
both
in
general
human
experience
and
psychiatric
illnesses.
Despite
the
importance
of
emotion,
relative
lack
objective
methodologies
to
scientifically
studying
emotional
phenomena
limits
our
current
understanding
thereby
calls
for
development
novel
methodologies,
such
us
study
illustrative
animal
models.
Analysis
Drosophila
other
insects
has
unlocked
new
opportunities
elucidate
behavioral
phenotypes
fundamentally
phenomena.
Here
we
propose
an
integrative
model
basic
emotions
based
on
observations
this
model.
The
are
internal
states
that
modulated
by
neuromodulators,
these
externally
expressed
as
certain
stereotypical
behaviors,
instinct,
which
is
proposed
ancient
mechanisms
survival.
There
four
kinds
emotions:
happiness,
sadness,
fear
anger,
differentially
associated
with
three
core
affects:
reward
(happiness),
punishment
(sadness),
stress
(fear
anger).
These
affects
analogous
primary
colors
(red,
yellow,
blue)
they
combined
various
proportions
result
more
complex
"higher
order"
emotions,
love
aesthetic
emotion.
We
refer
called
"Three
Primary
Color
Model
Basic
Emotions".
Animals
exhibit
innate
behaviours
to
a
variety
of
sensory
stimuli
including
olfactory
cues.
In
Drosophila,
one
higher
centre,
the
lateral
horn
(LH),
is
implicated
in
behaviour.
However,
our
structural
and
functional
understanding
LH
scant,
large
part
due
lack
sparse
neurogenetic
tools
for
this
region.
We
generate
collection
split-GAL4
driver
lines
providing
genetic
access
82
cell
types.
use
these
create
an
anatomical
neurotransmitter
map
link
EM
connectomics
data.
find
~30%
projections
converge
with
outputs
from
mushroom
body,
site
learning
memory.
Using
optogenetic
activation,
we
identify
types
that
drive
changes
valence
behavior
or
specific
locomotor
programs.
summary,
have
generated
resource
manipulating
mapping
neurons,
new
insights
into
circuit
basis
learned
behavior.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
606(7912), P. 153 - 159
Published: May 4, 2022
Abstract
Oestradiol
establishes
neural
sex
differences
in
many
vertebrates
1–3
and
modulates
mood,
behaviour
energy
balance
adulthood
4–8
.
In
the
canonical
pathway,
oestradiol
exerts
its
effects
through
transcription
factor
oestrogen
receptor-α
(ERα)
9
Although
ERα
has
been
extensively
characterized
breast
cancer,
neuronal
targets
of
ERα,
their
involvement
brain
differences,
remain
largely
unknown.
Here
we
generate
a
comprehensive
map
genomic
ERα-binding
sites
sexually
dimorphic
circuit
that
mediates
social
behaviours.
We
conclude
orchestrates
sexual
differentiation
mouse
two
mechanisms:
establishing
male-biased
neuron
types
activating
sustained
gene
expression
program.
Collectively,
our
findings
reveal
are
defined
by
hormonal
activation
steroid
receptors.
The
molecular
identify
may
underlie
on
development,
disease.
