Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(9), P. 1199 - 1199
Published: Sept. 11, 2021
Dopamine
is
an
important
neurotransmitter
that
plays
a
key
role
in
neuropsychiatric
illness.
Sex
differences
dopaminergic
signaling
have
been
acknowledged
for
decades
and
linked
to
sex-specific
heterogeneity
both
dopamine-related
behaviours
as
well
various
disorders.
However,
the
overall
number
of
studies
evaluated
sex
dopamine
signaling,
health
these
disorders,
low.
This
review
will
bring
together
what
known
regarding
innate
receptor
expression
function,
highlight
roles
addiction,
depression,
anxiety,
schizophrenia,
attention
deficit
hyperactivity
disorder.
Due
prognosis,
diagnosis,
symptomatology
between
male
female
subjects
disorders
involve
or
responses
utilize
pharmacological
interventions
target
receptors,
understanding
fundamental
receptors
vital
importance
personalization
therapeutic
treatment
strategies.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
39(1), P. 257 - 276
Published: May 5, 2016
Addiction
is
a
disease
of
altered
behavior.
Addicts
use
drugs
compulsively
and
will
continue
to
do
so
despite
negative
consequences.
Even
after
prolonged
periods
abstinence,
addicts
are
at
risk
relapse,
particularly
when
cues
evoke
memories
that
associated
with
drug
use.
Rodent
models
mimic
many
the
core
components
addiction,
from
initial
reinforcement
cue-associated
relapse
continued
intake
have
also
enabled
unprecedented
mechanistic
insight
into
revealing
plasticity
glutamatergic
synaptic
transmission
evoked
by
strong
activation
mesolimbic
dopamine—a
defining
feature
all
addictive
drugs—as
neural
substrate
for
these
drug-adaptive
behaviors.
Cell
type–specific
optogenetic
manipulations
allowed
both
identification
relevant
circuits
design
protocols
reverse
drug-evoked
establish
links
causality
The
emergence
circuit
model
addiction
open
door
novel
therapies,
such
as
deep
brain
stimulation.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
39(1), P. 297 - 324
Published: May 5, 2016
To
benefit
from
opportunities
and
cope
with
challenges
in
the
environment,
animals
must
adapt
their
behavior
to
acquire
rewards
avoid
punishments.
Maladaptive
changes
neuromodulatory
systems
neural
circuits
for
reward
aversion
can
lead
manifestation
of
several
prominent
psychiatric
disorders
including
addiction
depression.
Recent
progress
is
pushing
boundaries
knowledge
on
two
major
fronts
research
aversion:
First,
new
layers
complexity
have
been
reported
functions
dopamine
(DA)
serotonin
(5-HT)
aversion.
Second,
specific
circuit
components
pathways
that
encode
begun
be
identified.
This
review
aims
outline
historic
perspectives
insights
into
DA
5-HT
coding
distinct
rewards.
It
also
highlights
recent
advances
studies
enabled
by
technologies,
such
as
cell-type-specific
electrophysiology
tracing,
optogenetics-based
behavioral
manipulation.
may
provide
guidance
developing
novel
treatment
strategies
neuropsychiatric
diseases
related
malfunction
system.
